CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,8 +7,50 @@ This project uses calendar versioning: `YY.N-stage` (e.g. `26.0-alpha` = 2026, r
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Security
+
+- **App names are validated everywhere.** `POST /api/apps/remove` with
+  `{"name": ".."}` or `"/"` sent `shutil.rmtree` at `/var/lib/furtka` or the
+  root filesystem (and wiping `users.json` reopened first-run admin setup to
+  the LAN). Names from URLs, JSON bodies and manifests must now match
+  `^[a-z][a-z0-9_-]*$`; `installer.remove`/`update_env` check it too.
+- **Settings can't inject into `.env`.** Line breaks are refused; values
+  with `$` are single-quoted so compose doesn't expand them (`pa$word` used
+  to become `pa`). Validation runs before the write, so a rejected `/etc`
+  path is no longer saved anyway.
+- **Damaged `users.json` fails closed.** An empty/corrupt file used to read
+  as "no admin yet" and turned `/login` into an open create-admin form.
+  `/login` now answers 503 with SSH recovery steps; `save_users` fsyncs.
+- **API server hardening:** threaded (state changes still serialised), 1 MiB
+  body cap, 30 s socket timeout, cross-site POSTs refused via
+  `Sec-Fetch-Site`, JSON 500 instead of dropped connections.
+
 ### Fixed
 
+- **Installer disk picker:** SATA SSDs were labelled "HDD" and lost the
+  recommendation to bigger spinning disks; type now comes from lsblk
+  `TRAN`/`ROTA`. zram, eMMC boot/RPMB areas, read-only and 0-byte disks are
+  hidden; disks under 16 GB are greyed out; USB disks rank last; >2 TB disks
+  on BIOS machines get an MBR warning; the boot stick is also found via the
+  archiso kernel args when `bootmnt` is gone. Step 2 only accepts a listed disk.
+- **Installer runs one install at a time** (double-click / second browser
+  started a second archinstall on the same disk), and a crashed archinstall
+  (OOM kill, signal) now shows as an error instead of a progress bar stuck
+  forever. Disk-probe exceptions land in the log instead of a bare 500.
+- **Failed installs can be retried** from the error page without re-entering
+  everything.
+- **No 2-minute boot stall on boards with a second NIC:** the target gets a
+  `systemd-networkd-wait-online --any` drop-in.
+- **Self-update:** symlink flip is atomic; any error after the flip rolls
+  back (and restores the previous Caddyfile); health check survives read
+  timeouts; every failure ends in an `error` stage the settings page shows.
+- **Interrupted app installs no longer block all later installs** — a stale
+  state with no live runner is marked failed after 60 s.
+- **Catalog sync / update checks** no longer strand on socket resets or disk
+  full.
+- **Apps page after an API restart** redirects to `/login` instead of
+  showing an empty app list.
+
 - **Self-update starts newly added timers immediately and links units
   through `current`.** `_link_new_units()` enabled a timer a release
   introduced but never started it, so after the 26.19 → 26.20 update the
@@ -19,6 +61,14 @@ This project uses calendar versioning: `YY.N-stage` (e.g. `26.0-alpha` = 2026, r
   (installer-created links use `current`). Now: link via `current`, enable,
   start.
 
+### Changed
+
+- Wizard wording: "Server name" with a live `http://<name>.local` preview,
+  "Pick a disk" with an explicit erase warning, readable confirm table,
+  password hint explains it's also the SSH/console password, names are
+  lowercased instead of rejected, system account names are refused.
+- Live console banner says a network cable with internet is required.
+
 ## [26.20-alpha] - 2026-08-25
 
 First release shaped by a real-hardware install (old laptop mainboard, BIOS boot,

assets/www/index.html

@@ -68,6 +68,15 @@
     </main>
 
     <script>
+        // Sessions live in API memory, so every restart or self-update logs
+        // everyone out. Send the browser to the login page instead of rendering
+        // the 401 body as if the box had no apps.
+        const _fetch = window.fetch.bind(window);
+        window.fetch = async (...args) => {
+          const r = await _fetch(...args);
+          if (r.status === 401) { location.href = '/login'; }
+          return r;
+        };
         // Revoke the cookie server-side and bounce to /login. Shared
         // shape with the _HTML in furtka/api.py so the two logout
         // links behave identically.

assets/www/settings/index.html

@@ -122,6 +122,15 @@
     </main>
 
     <script>
+        // Sessions live in API memory, so every restart or self-update logs
+        // everyone out. Send the browser to the login page instead of rendering
+        // the 401 body as if the box had no apps.
+        const _fetch = window.fetch.bind(window);
+        window.fetch = async (...args) => {
+          const r = await _fetch(...args);
+          if (r.status === 401) { location.href = '/login'; }
+          return r;
+        };
         // Logout button in the nav — same shape as /apps and / pages.
         async function doLogout(ev) {
             ev.preventDefault();
@@ -162,6 +171,7 @@
             done: 'Update complete — reloading…',
             rolled_back: 'Update failed, rolled back to the previous version',
             rolled_back_manual: 'Rolled back manually',
+            error: 'Update failed — nothing was changed',
         };
 
         let pollHandle = null;
@@ -345,12 +355,13 @@
                 if (!r.ok) return;
                 const s = await r.json();
                 const label = STAGE_LABELS[s.stage] || `Stage: ${s.stage}`;
-                setStatus(label, s.stage === 'rolled_back');
+                const failed = s.stage === 'rolled_back' || s.stage === 'error';
+                setStatus(label, failed);
                 if (s.stage === 'done') {
                     clearInterval(pollHandle);
                     clearTimeout(fallbackReloadHandle);
                     setTimeout(() => location.reload(), 5000);
-                } else if (s.stage === 'rolled_back') {
+                } else if (failed) {
                     clearInterval(pollHandle);
                     clearTimeout(fallbackReloadHandle);
                     if (s.reason) {

furtka/_release_common.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ neutral ``ReleaseError`` for use in tests or standalone scripts.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import hashlib
+import http.client
 import json
 import shutil
 import tarfile
@@ -33,7 +34,9 @@ def forgejo_api(host: str, repo: str, path: str, *, error_cls: type = ReleaseErr
     try:
         with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=15) as resp:
             return json.loads(resp.read())
-    except (urllib.error.URLError, json.JSONDecodeError) as e:
+    except (OSError, http.client.HTTPException, json.JSONDecodeError) as e:
+        # OSError covers URLError plus socket timeouts and resets while
+        # reading the body, which urllib doesn't wrap.
         raise error_cls(f"forgejo api {url}: {e}") from e
 
 
@@ -43,7 +46,8 @@ def download(url: str, dest: Path, *, error_cls: type = ReleaseError) -> None:
     try:
         with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=60) as resp, dest.open("wb") as f:
             shutil.copyfileobj(resp, f)
-    except urllib.error.URLError as e:
+    except (OSError, http.client.HTTPException) as e:
+        # Includes disk full while writing `dest` and mid-body disconnects.
         raise error_cls(f"download {url}: {e}") from e
 
 

furtka/api.py

@@ -17,12 +17,14 @@ stopgap.
 
 import json
 import re
+import threading
 import time
+import traceback
 from http.cookies import SimpleCookie
-from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
+from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, ThreadingHTTPServer
 
 from furtka import auth, deps, dockerops, install_runner, installer, reconciler, sources
-from furtka.manifest import ManifestError, load_manifest
+from furtka.manifest import APP_NAME_RE, ManifestError, load_manifest
 from furtka.paths import apps_dir, static_www_dir
 from furtka.scanner import scan
 
@@ -120,6 +122,15 @@ _HTML = """<!DOCTYPE html>
   </div>
 
 <script>
+// Sessions live in API memory, so every restart or self-update logs
+// everyone out. Send the browser to the login page instead of rendering
+// the 401 body as if the box had no apps.
+const _fetch = window.fetch.bind(window);
+window.fetch = async (...args) => {
+  const r = await _fetch(...args);
+  if (r.status === 401) { location.href = '/login'; }
+  return r;
+};
 function esc(s) {
   const d = document.createElement('div');
   d.textContent = s == null ? '' : String(s);
@@ -765,7 +776,7 @@ def _do_get_settings(name):
     }
 
 
-_INSTALL_TERMINAL_STAGES = frozenset({"done", "error"})
+_INSTALL_TERMINAL_STAGES = install_runner.TERMINAL_STAGES
 
 
 def _do_install_plan(name):
@@ -819,8 +830,9 @@ def _do_install(name, settings=None, confirm_dependencies=False):
     # POST can sneak in during that tiny window. Reading the state
     # first closes that gap: as long as a previous install hasn't
     # written "done" or "error", we refuse.
+    install_runner.clear_stale_state()
     current_state = install_runner.read_state()
-    current_stage = current_state.get("stage", "") if isinstance(current_state, dict) else ""
+    current_stage = current_state.get("stage", "")
     if current_stage and current_stage not in _INSTALL_TERMINAL_STAGES:
         return 409, {
             "error": (
@@ -916,6 +928,7 @@ def _do_install(name, settings=None, confirm_dependencies=False):
 
 def _do_install_status():
     """Return the current install-state.json contents (or {})."""
+    install_runner.clear_stale_state()
     return 200, install_runner.read_state()
 
 
@@ -1238,7 +1251,33 @@ def _parse_settings_body(payload):
     return out
 
 
+# Largest request body we read. Every legitimate body is a small JSON
+# object; without a cap a LAN client could make us buffer gigabytes.
+MAX_BODY_BYTES = 1024 * 1024
+
+# The server is threaded so status polls and page loads keep answering while
+# a slow request (image pull, reconcile) runs. Requests that change state
+# still run one at a time, as they did on the single-threaded server.
+_MUTATION_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+# First-run admin creation is check-then-write; two setup POSTs racing on
+# the threaded server must not both create an admin.
+_SETUP_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+
+_USERS_FILE_BROKEN = (
+    "The login file on this box (/var/lib/furtka/users.json) is damaged. "
+    "Log in over SSH, delete that file, then reload this page to set a new admin password."
+)
+
+
+def _valid_app_name(name) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(name, str) and APP_NAME_RE.fullmatch(name) is not None
+
+
 class _Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    # Socket read timeout: a client that stops sending mid-request gets
+    # dropped instead of holding a worker forever.
+    timeout = 30
+
     def _json(self, status, payload, extra_headers=None):
         body = json.dumps(payload).encode()
         self.send_response(status)
@@ -1347,6 +1386,14 @@ class _Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             return self._json(400, {"error": "password is required"})
         username = username.strip()
 
+        try:
+            with _SETUP_LOCK:
+                return self._login_or_setup(payload, username, password)
+        except auth.UsersFileError:
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            return self._json(503, {"error": _USERS_FILE_BROKEN})
+
+    def _login_or_setup(self, payload, username, password):
         if auth.setup_needed():
             # First-run setup path — create the admin account, then log
             # in. Require password2 so a typo doesn't lock the user out
@@ -1393,13 +1440,39 @@ class _Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             auth.SESSIONS.revoke(morsel.value)
         return self._json(200, {"ok": True}, extra_headers=[self._clear_cookie_header()])
 
+    def _internal_error(self):
+        # Without this, an unexpected exception makes socketserver drop the
+        # connection and the UI shows "Failed to fetch" with nothing to go on.
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        try:
+            self._json(500, {"error": "internal error — see `journalctl -u furtka-api`"})
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
     def do_GET(self):  # noqa: N802 — http.server convention
+        try:
+            self._route_get()
+        except Exception:
+            self._internal_error()
+
+    def do_POST(self):  # noqa: N802
+        try:
+            self._route_post()
+        except Exception:
+            self._internal_error()
+
+    def _route_get(self):
         # --- Public routes: login page + its assets ------------------
         if self.path in ("/login", "/login/"):
             # Already authed? Skip straight to the app list.
             if self._current_session() is not None:
                 return self._redirect("/apps")
-            return self._html(200, _render_login_html(auth.setup_needed()))
+            try:
+                setup = auth.setup_needed()
+            except auth.UsersFileError:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+                return self._html(503, f"<h1>Login unavailable</h1><p>{_USERS_FILE_BROKEN}</p>")
+            return self._html(200, _render_login_html(setup))
 
         # --- Auth guard for everything below -------------------------
         session = self._current_session()
@@ -1447,14 +1520,26 @@ class _Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
         # /api/apps/<name>/settings
         if self.path.startswith("/api/apps/") and self.path.endswith("/settings"):
             name = self.path[len("/api/apps/") : -len("/settings")]
-            if "/" in name or not name:
+            if not _valid_app_name(name):
                 return self._json(400, {"error": "invalid app name"})
             status, body = _do_get_settings(name)
             return self._json(status, body)
         self._json(404, {"error": "not found"})
 
-    def do_POST(self):  # noqa: N802
+    def _route_post(self):
+        # Browsers tag every request with where it came from. Only accept
+        # state changes from our own pages — an app on another port of the
+        # same host counts as "same-site" and would pass SameSite=Strict.
+        # Old browsers that don't send the header fall back to the cookie.
+        fetch_site = self.headers.get("Sec-Fetch-Site")
+        if fetch_site is not None and fetch_site not in ("same-origin", "none"):
+            return self._json(403, {"error": "cross-site request refused"})
+        try:
             length = int(self.headers.get("Content-Length", "0"))
+        except ValueError:
+            return self._json(400, {"error": "invalid Content-Length"})
+        if length < 0 or length > MAX_BODY_BYTES:
+            return self._json(413, {"error": "request body too large"})
         raw = self.rfile.read(length) if length else b""
         try:
             payload = json.loads(raw.decode()) if raw else {}
@@ -1473,10 +1558,15 @@ class _Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
         if self._current_session() is None:
             return self._json(401, {"error": "not authenticated"})
 
+        with _MUTATION_LOCK:
+            return self._route_authed_post(payload)
+
+    def _route_authed_post(self, payload):
+
         # Per-app settings update: /api/apps/<name>/settings
         if self.path.startswith("/api/apps/") and self.path.endswith("/settings"):
             name = self.path[len("/api/apps/") : -len("/settings")]
-            if "/" in name or not name:
+            if not _valid_app_name(name):
                 return self._json(400, {"error": "invalid app name"})
             settings = _parse_settings_body(payload)
             if settings is False or settings is None:
@@ -1487,7 +1577,7 @@ class _Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
         # Per-app image update: /api/apps/<name>/update
         if self.path.startswith("/api/apps/") and self.path.endswith("/update"):
             name = self.path[len("/api/apps/") : -len("/update")]
-            if "/" in name or not name:
+            if not _valid_app_name(name):
                 return self._json(400, {"error": "invalid app name"})
             status, body = _do_update(name)
             return self._json(status, body)
@@ -1519,6 +1609,8 @@ class _Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
         name = payload.get("name")
         if not isinstance(name, str) or not name:
             return self._json(400, {"error": "missing or empty 'name' field"})
+        if not _valid_app_name(name):
+            return self._json(400, {"error": "invalid app name"})
 
         if self.path == "/api/apps/install/plan":
             status, body = _do_install_plan(name)
@@ -1541,7 +1633,8 @@ class _Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
 
 def serve(host: str = "127.0.0.1", port: int = 7000) -> None:
     """Run the API server. Blocks forever; exits on SIGINT/SIGTERM."""
-    server = HTTPServer((host, port), _Handler)
+    server = ThreadingHTTPServer((host, port), _Handler)
+    server.daemon_threads = True
     print(f"Furtka API listening on http://{host}:{port}/")
     try:
         server.serve_forever()

furtka/auth.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import math
+import os
 import secrets
 import threading
 from dataclasses import dataclass
@@ -46,27 +47,33 @@ def verify_password(plain: str, hashed: str) -> bool:
     return _verify_password(plain, hashed)
 
 
+class UsersFileError(RuntimeError):
+    """users.json exists but can't be read or parsed."""
+
+
 def load_users() -> dict:
-    """Return the users dict, or {} if the file is missing or empty.
+    """Return the users dict, or {} if the file is missing.
 
     Missing-file is the expected state on first boot and on upgrades from
     pre-auth versions — callers treat empty-dict as "setup required".
+
+    A file that exists but is unreadable, empty or corrupt raises
+    UsersFileError instead: treating it as "no admin yet" would turn /login
+    into an open "create admin" form for anyone on the network.
     """
     path = users_file()
-    if not path.exists():
-        return {}
     try:
         raw = path.read_text()
-    except OSError:
-        return {}
-    if not raw.strip():
+    except FileNotFoundError:
         return {}
+    except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError) as e:
+        raise UsersFileError(f"{path} is unreadable: {e}") from e
     try:
         data = json.loads(raw)
-    except json.JSONDecodeError:
-        return {}
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+        raise UsersFileError(f"{path} is corrupt: {e}") from e
     if not isinstance(data, dict):
-        return {}
+        raise UsersFileError(f"{path} is corrupt: not a JSON object")
     return data
 
 
@@ -80,7 +87,12 @@ def save_users(users: dict) -> None:
     path = users_file()
     path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     tmp = path.with_suffix(path.suffix + ".tmp")
-    tmp.write_text(json.dumps(users, indent=2) + "\n")
+    with open(tmp, "w") as fh:
+        fh.write(json.dumps(users, indent=2) + "\n")
+        # A power cut right after rename() can otherwise leave a zero-length
+        # users.json, which load_users() refuses — locking the owner out.
+        fh.flush()
+        os.fsync(fh.fileno())
     tmp.chmod(0o600)
     tmp.replace(path)
 

furtka/catalog.py

@@ -216,6 +216,9 @@ def sync_catalog() -> CatalogCheck:
         except CatalogError as e:
             write_state("error", error=str(e))
             raise
+        except Exception as e:
+            write_state("error", error=str(e) or type(e).__name__)
+            raise CatalogError(str(e) or type(e).__name__) from e
 
 
 def _sync_locked() -> CatalogCheck:

furtka/install_runner.py

@@ -91,9 +91,53 @@ def write_state(stage: str, **extra) -> None:
 
 def read_state() -> dict:
     try:
-        return json.loads(state_path().read_text())
-    except (FileNotFoundError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+        data = json.loads(state_path().read_text())
+    except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError, json.JSONDecodeError):
         return {}
+    return data if isinstance(data, dict) else {}
+
+
+TERMINAL_STAGES = frozenset({"done", "error"})
+
+# How old an unfinished state must be before we believe the job is gone.
+# Covers the gap between the API writing the first stage and the detached
+# runner taking the lock.
+_STALE_AFTER_SECONDS = 60
+
+
+def clear_stale_state(now: float | None = None) -> bool:
+    """Mark an unfinished install as failed if no runner is alive any more.
+
+    install-state.json lives in /var/lib and survives reboots, OOM kills and
+    a runner that never started — each of which used to block every later
+    install with "another install is in progress" until someone fixed it
+    over SSH. The runner holds the flock for its whole run, so a free lock
+    plus an old timestamp means nobody is coming back to finish. Returns
+    True when it reset the state.
+    """
+    state = read_state()
+    stage = state.get("stage", "")
+    if not stage or stage in TERMINAL_STAGES:
+        return False
+    try:
+        updated = time.mktime(time.strptime(state.get("updated_at", ""), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z"))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        updated = 0.0
+    if (now if now is not None else time.time()) - updated < _STALE_AFTER_SECONDS:
+        return False
+    try:
+        fh = acquire_lock()
+    except (InstallRunnerError, OSError):
+        return False  # a runner is still working
+    try:
+        write_state(
+            "error",
+            app=state.get("app", ""),
+            error=f"the install was interrupted at '{stage}' (restart or crash) — try again",
+        )
+    finally:
+        fh.close()
+    return True
 
 
 def _read_plan(target: str) -> dict:

furtka/installer.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import shutil
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from furtka import sources
-from furtka.manifest import Manifest, ManifestError, load_manifest
+from furtka.manifest import APP_NAME_RE, Manifest, ManifestError, load_manifest
 from furtka.paths import apps_dir
 
 # Values that an app's .env.example may use as obvious "fill me in" markers.
@@ -35,19 +35,26 @@ class InstallError(RuntimeError):
     pass
 
 
+def app_dir(name: str) -> Path:
+    """/var/lib/furtka/apps/<name>, refusing anything that isn't a plain app name.
+
+    Names reach us from API bodies and URL paths; without this check "..",
+    "." or "/" would point remove()'s rmtree at /var/lib/furtka, every app,
+    or the root filesystem.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(name, str) or not APP_NAME_RE.fullmatch(name):
+        raise InstallError(f"{name!r} is not a valid app name")
+    return apps_dir() / name
+
+
+def _placeholder_values(values: dict[str, str]) -> list[str]:
+    return [k for k, v in values.items() if v.strip() in PLACEHOLDER_SECRETS]
+
+
 def _placeholder_keys(env_path: Path) -> list[str]:
     if not env_path.exists():
         return []
-    bad: list[str] = []
-    for raw in env_path.read_text().splitlines():
-        line = raw.strip()
-        if not line or line.startswith("#") or "=" not in line:
-            continue
-        key, _, value = line.partition("=")
-        value = value.strip().strip('"').strip("'")
-        if value in PLACEHOLDER_SECRETS:
-            bad.append(key.strip())
-    return bad
+    return _placeholder_values(_read_env(env_path))
 
 
 def _is_denied_system_path(resolved: str) -> bool:
@@ -59,16 +66,13 @@ def _is_denied_system_path(resolved: str) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
-def _path_setting_errors(m: Manifest, env_path: Path) -> list[str]:
+def _path_setting_errors(m: Manifest, values: dict[str, str]) -> list[str]:
     """Validate the filesystem paths named by `path`-type settings.
 
     Returns one human-readable message per offending setting. Empty values
     on non-required settings are allowed — the required-field check in the
     caller already refuses blanks on required fields before write.
     """
-    if not env_path.exists():
-        return []
-    values = _read_env(env_path)
     errors: list[str] = []
     for s in m.settings:
         if s.type != "path":
@@ -97,10 +101,35 @@ def _path_setting_errors(m: Manifest, env_path: Path) -> list[str]:
     return errors
 
 
+def _validate_settings(m: Manifest, values: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """Refuse a merged settings view before it is written to .env.
+
+    Runs in memory so a rejected value (placeholder, system path, line
+    break) never reaches the live .env where the next reconcile would use it.
+    """
+    for k, v in values.items():
+        if any(c in v for c in "\r\n\0"):
+            raise InstallError(f"{m.name}: setting {k!r} must not contain line breaks")
+    bad = _placeholder_values({s.name: values.get(s.name, "") for s in m.settings})
+    if bad:
+        raise InstallError(
+            f"{m.name}: please replace the example value for {', '.join(bad)} with your own"
+        )
+    path_errors = _path_setting_errors(m, values)
+    if path_errors:
+        raise InstallError(f"{m.name}: {'; '.join(path_errors)}")
+
+
 def _format_env_value(v: str) -> str:
     # Quote values that contain whitespace, quotes, or shell metacharacters so
     # docker-compose's env substitution reads them back intact. Simple values
     # stay unquoted to keep the file readable when a user SSHes in.
+    if any(c in v for c in "\r\n\0"):
+        raise InstallError("setting values must not contain line breaks")
+    if "$" in v and "'" not in v:
+        # Compose expands ${VAR} inside double quotes, so "pa$word" would
+        # silently turn into "pa". Single-quoted values are taken literally.
+        return f"'{v}'"
     if v == "" or any(c in v for c in " \t\"'$`\\#"):
         escaped = v.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"')
         return f'"{escaped}"'
@@ -167,7 +196,7 @@ def install_from(src: Path, settings: dict[str, str] | None = None) -> Path:
             if key not in declared:
                 raise InstallError(f"{m.name}: unknown setting {key!r}")
 
-    target = apps_dir() / m.name
+    target = app_dir(m.name)
     target.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
     for item in src.iterdir():
@@ -216,6 +245,7 @@ def install_from(src: Path, settings: dict[str, str] | None = None) -> Path:
         for s in m.settings:
             if s.required and not merged.get(s.name):
                 raise InstallError(f"{m.name}: setting {s.name!r} is required")
+        _validate_settings(m, merged)
         write_env(env, merged)
     elif not env.exists() and env_example.exists():
         # First install with no settings and no .env shipped: bootstrap from
@@ -235,7 +265,7 @@ def install_from(src: Path, settings: dict[str, str] | None = None) -> Path:
             f"file and re-run `furtka app install {m.name}`."
         )
 
-    path_errors = _path_setting_errors(m, env)
+    path_errors = _path_setting_errors(m, read_env_values(env))
     if path_errors:
         raise InstallError(f"{m.name}: {'; '.join(path_errors)}")
 
@@ -256,10 +286,11 @@ def parse_env_text(text: str) -> dict[str, str]:
             continue
         key, _, value = line.partition("=")
         value = value.strip()
-        if (value.startswith('"') and value.endswith('"')) or (
-            value.startswith("'") and value.endswith("'")
-        ):
+        if len(value) >= 2 and value.startswith('"') and value.endswith('"'):
             value = value[1:-1].replace('\\"', '"').replace("\\\\", "\\")
+        elif len(value) >= 2 and value.startswith("'") and value.endswith("'"):
+            # Single quotes are literal in compose's dotenv — no escapes.
+            value = value[1:-1]
         out[key.strip()] = value
     return out
 
@@ -284,7 +315,7 @@ def update_env(name: str, settings: dict[str, str]) -> Path:
     apps only. Returns the target folder; caller is expected to run
     reconcile to restart the containers.
     """
-    target = apps_dir() / name
+    target = app_dir(name)
     manifest_path = target / "manifest.json"
     if not manifest_path.exists():
         raise InstallError(f"{name!r} is not installed")
@@ -316,13 +347,8 @@ def update_env(name: str, settings: dict[str, str]) -> Path:
     for s in m.settings:
         if s.required and not merged.get(s.name):
             raise InstallError(f"{m.name}: setting {s.name!r} is required")
+    _validate_settings(m, merged)
     write_env(env, merged)
-    bad = _placeholder_keys(env)
-    if bad:
-        raise InstallError(f"{m.name}: {env} still has placeholder values for {', '.join(bad)}.")
-    path_errors = _path_setting_errors(m, env)
-    if path_errors:
-        raise InstallError(f"{m.name}: {'; '.join(path_errors)}")
     return target
 
 
@@ -353,7 +379,7 @@ def remove(name: str) -> Path:
 
     Caller is responsible for stopping the compose project first.
     """
-    target = apps_dir() / name
+    target = app_dir(name)
     if not target.exists():
         raise InstallError(f"{name!r} is not installed")
     shutil.rmtree(target)

furtka/manifest.py

@@ -175,8 +175,10 @@ def load_manifest(path: Path, expected_name: str | None = None) -> Manifest:
         raise ManifestError(f"{path}: missing required fields: {', '.join(missing)}")
 
     name = raw["name"]
-    if not isinstance(name, str) or not name:
-        raise ManifestError(f"{path}: name must be a non-empty string")
+    if not isinstance(name, str) or not APP_NAME_RE.fullmatch(name):
+        raise ManifestError(
+            f"{path}: name must be lowercase letters, digits, '-' or '_' (got {name!r})"
+        )
     if expected_name is not None and name != expected_name:
         raise ManifestError(f"{path}: name {name!r} must equal {expected_name!r}")
 

furtka/updater.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ the updater at a tmpdir.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import fcntl
+import http.client
 import json
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -265,9 +266,10 @@ def write_state(stage: str, **extra) -> None:
 
 def read_state() -> dict:
     try:
-        return json.loads(state_path().read_text())
-    except (FileNotFoundError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+        data = json.loads(state_path().read_text())
+    except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError, json.JSONDecodeError):
         return {}
+    return data if isinstance(data, dict) else {}
 
 
 def acquire_lock():
@@ -318,13 +320,29 @@ def _health_check(url: str, deadline_s: float = 30.0) -> bool:
             # check. 5xx → genuinely broken, don't accept.
             if 400 <= e.code < 500:
                 return True
-        except urllib.error.URLError:
-            # Connection refused / DNS / timeout → not up yet, retry.
+        except (OSError, http.client.HTTPException):
+            # Connection refused / reset / timeout (URLError is an OSError;
+            # a read timeout or RemoteDisconnected is not wrapped by urllib)
+            # → not up yet, retry.
             pass
         time.sleep(1)
     return False
 
 
+def _swap_symlink(link: Path, target: str | Path) -> None:
+    """Point `link` at `target` atomically.
+
+    unlink() + symlink_to() leaves a window with no /opt/furtka/current at
+    all — a power cut there boots a box with no services. rename() over the
+    old link is atomic.
+    """
+    tmp = link.with_name(link.name + ".new")
+    if tmp.is_symlink() or tmp.exists():
+        tmp.unlink()
+    tmp.symlink_to(target)
+    os.replace(tmp, link)
+
+
 def prepare_update(check: UpdateCheck, download_dir: Path | None = None) -> tuple[Path, str]:
     """Download + verify the tarball. Returns (tarball_path, version)."""
     if not check.tarball_url or not check.sha256_url:
@@ -369,15 +387,11 @@ def apply_update(tarball: Path, version: str) -> None:
     target.chmod(0o755)
 
     write_state("swapping", latest=version)
-    previous = None
-    if current.is_symlink():
-        previous = os.readlink(current)
-        current.unlink()
+    previous = os.readlink(current) if current.is_symlink() else None
+    old_caddyfile = _CADDYFILE_LIVE.read_text() if _CADDYFILE_LIVE.is_file() else None
     try:
-        current.symlink_to(target)
+        _swap_symlink(current, target)
     except OSError as e:
-        if previous:
-            current.symlink_to(previous)
         raise UpdateError(f"symlink swap failed: {e}") from e
 
     write_state("restarting", latest=version)
@@ -393,27 +407,41 @@ def apply_update(tarball: Path, version: str) -> None:
         _run(["systemctl", "daemon-reload"])
         _run(["systemctl", "try-restart", "furtka-reconcile.service"])
         _run(["systemctl", "restart", "furtka-api.service"])
-    except UpdateError as e:
-        _rollback(previous, version, f"service restart failed: {e}")
-        raise
+    except (UpdateError, OSError) as e:
+        # OSError: e.g. disk full or EACCES writing the Caddyfile — the new
+        # version is already live, so this must roll back too.
+        _rollback(previous, version, f"service restart failed: {e}", old_caddyfile)
+        raise UpdateError(f"service restart failed: {e} — rolled back") from e
 
     write_state("verifying", latest=version)
     ok = _health_check("http://127.0.0.1:7000/api/apps", deadline_s=30.0)
     if not ok:
-        _rollback(previous, version, "health check failed after restart")
+        _rollback(previous, version, "health check failed after restart", old_caddyfile)
         raise UpdateError("new version failed health check — rolled back")
 
     write_state("done", version=version)
 
 
-def _rollback(previous_target: str | None, failed_version: str, reason: str) -> None:
+def _rollback(
+    previous_target: str | None,
+    failed_version: str,
+    reason: str,
+    old_caddyfile: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
     current = current_symlink()
     if previous_target:
-        if current.is_symlink():
-            current.unlink()
-        current.symlink_to(previous_target)
+        _swap_symlink(current, previous_target)
+        # The new release may have shipped Caddy routes the old code
+        # doesn't serve; put the previous Caddyfile back before reloading.
+        if old_caddyfile is not None:
+            try:
+                _CADDYFILE_LIVE.write_text(old_caddyfile)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
         # Best-effort restart on the previous target — if it fails too the
         # box is in a hard state, but we can only surface the reason.
+        subprocess.run(["systemctl", "daemon-reload"], check=False)
+        subprocess.run(["systemctl", "reload", "caddy"], check=False)
         subprocess.run(["systemctl", "restart", "furtka-api.service"], check=False)
     write_state(
         "rolled_back",
@@ -430,6 +458,7 @@ def run_update() -> UpdateCheck:
     UpdateError on any failure; the state file records the stage.
     """
     with acquire_lock():
+        try:
             check = check_update()
             if not check.update_available:
                 write_state("done", version=check.current, note="already up to date")
@@ -437,6 +466,17 @@ def run_update() -> UpdateCheck:
             tarball, version = prepare_update(check)
             apply_update(tarball, version)
             return check
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Without a terminal stage the settings page keeps showing
+            # "Downloading…" forever. Rollback already wrote its own stage.
+            if read_state().get("stage") != "rolled_back":
+                try:
+                    write_state("error", reason=str(e) or type(e).__name__)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+            if isinstance(e, UpdateError):
+                raise
+            raise UpdateError(str(e) or type(e).__name__) from e
 
 
 def rollback() -> str:
@@ -456,8 +496,7 @@ def rollback() -> str:
         raise UpdateError("no other version slots available to roll back to")
     target_name = candidates[0]
     target = versions_dir() / target_name
-    current.unlink()
-    current.symlink_to(target)
+    _swap_symlink(current, target)
     subprocess.run(["systemctl", "daemon-reload"], check=False)
     subprocess.run(["systemctl", "restart", "furtka-api.service"], check=False)
     write_state("rolled_back_manual", restored_to=target_name)

iso/overlay/airootfs/usr/local/bin/furtka-update-issue

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ new=$(
     fi
     echo
     echo "  Then follow the wizard to install Furtka on this machine."
+    echo "  The install downloads packages, so this machine needs a network"
+    echo "  cable with internet access. Wi-Fi is not set up automatically."
     echo
     echo "  Need a shell? Log in as root (no password)."
     echo

tests/test_api.py

@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ def _request(port, path, cookie=None, method="GET", body=None):
 
 def test_http_get_apps_route(fake_dirs, no_docker, admin_session):
     """Smoke test the actual HTTP server with a real socket, urllib client."""
-    server = api.HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)  # port 0 → ephemeral
+    server = api.ThreadingHTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)  # port 0 → ephemeral
     port = server.server_address[1]
     t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
     t.start()
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ def test_http_get_apps_route(fake_dirs, no_docker, admin_session):
 
 
 def test_http_post_install_unknown_app(fake_dirs, admin_session):
-    server = api.HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
+    server = api.ThreadingHTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
     port = server.server_address[1]
     t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
     t.start()
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ def test_http_post_install_unknown_app(fake_dirs, admin_session):
 
 
 def _start_server():
-    server = api.HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
+    server = api.ThreadingHTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
     port = server.server_address[1]
     t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
     t.start()
@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ def test_update_settings_unknown_app(fake_dirs):
 def test_http_get_settings_route(fake_dirs, no_docker, admin_session):
     _, bundled = fake_dirs
     _write_bundled(bundled, "fileshare", manifest=SETTINGS_MANIFEST)
-    server = api.HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
+    server = api.ThreadingHTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
     port = server.server_address[1]
     t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
     t.start()
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ def test_http_post_update_route(
     api._do_install("fileshare")
     update_docker_stubs["up_called"] = 0  # reset counter after install
     update_docker_stubs["local"] = {"samba": "sha256:NEW"}
-    server = api.HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
+    server = api.ThreadingHTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
     port = server.server_address[1]
     t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
     t.start()
@@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ def test_http_post_update_route(
 def test_http_post_install_with_settings(fake_dirs, no_docker, no_systemd_run, admin_session):
     _, bundled = fake_dirs
     _write_bundled(bundled, "fileshare", manifest=SETTINGS_MANIFEST)
-    server = api.HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
+    server = api.ThreadingHTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), api._Handler)
     port = server.server_address[1]
     t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
     t.start()
@@ -1424,3 +1424,103 @@ def test_power_surfaces_systemd_run_missing(fake_dirs, monkeypatch):
     status, body = api._do_power({"action": "reboot"})
     assert status == 502
     assert "systemd-run" in body["error"]
+
+
+# --- hardening: names, body size, cross-site POSTs, crash handling ----------
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bad", ["/", ".", "..", "../catalog"])
+def test_http_remove_rejects_path_names(fake_dirs, no_docker, admin_session, bad):
+    apps, _ = fake_dirs
+    (apps / "fileshare").mkdir()
+    server, port = _start_server()
+    try:
+        req = _request(
+            port, "/api/apps/remove", cookie=admin_session, method="POST", body={"name": bad}
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(urllib.error.HTTPError) as e:
+            urllib.request.urlopen(req)
+        assert e.value.code == 400
+        assert (apps / "fileshare").exists()
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()
+
+
+def test_http_post_rejects_oversized_body(fake_dirs, admin_session):
+    server, port = _start_server()
+    try:
+        import http.client
+
+        # Announce a huge body but never send it: the server must answer
+        # from the header alone instead of waiting to buffer it.
+        conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("127.0.0.1", port, timeout=5)
+        conn.putrequest("POST", "/api/apps/remove")
+        conn.putheader("Cookie", admin_session)
+        conn.putheader("Content-Length", str(api.MAX_BODY_BYTES + 1))
+        conn.endheaders()
+        assert conn.getresponse().status == 413
+        conn.close()
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()
+
+
+def test_http_post_rejects_same_site_other_origin(fake_dirs, no_docker, admin_session):
+    apps, _ = fake_dirs
+    (apps / "fileshare").mkdir()
+    server, port = _start_server()
+    try:
+        req = _request(
+            port,
+            "/api/apps/remove",
+            cookie=admin_session,
+            method="POST",
+            body={"name": "fileshare"},
+        )
+        req.add_header("Sec-Fetch-Site", "same-site")
+        with pytest.raises(urllib.error.HTTPError) as e:
+            urllib.request.urlopen(req)
+        assert e.value.code == 403
+        assert (apps / "fileshare").exists()
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()
+
+
+def test_http_unexpected_exception_returns_json_500(fake_dirs, admin_session, monkeypatch):
+    def boom():
+        raise FileNotFoundError("docker")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(api, "_list_installed", boom)
+    server, port = _start_server()
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(urllib.error.HTTPError) as e:
+            urllib.request.urlopen(_request(port, "/api/apps", cookie=admin_session))
+        assert e.value.code == 500
+        assert "internal error" in json.loads(e.value.read())["error"]
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()
+
+
+def test_login_with_corrupt_users_file_is_503_not_setup(fake_dirs, tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / "users.json").write_text("")
+    server, port = _start_server()
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(urllib.error.HTTPError) as e:
+            urllib.request.urlopen(_request(port, "/login"))
+        assert e.value.code == 503
+        req = _request(
+            port,
+            "/login",
+            method="POST",
+            body={"username": "mallory", "password": "longenough1", "password2": "longenough1"},
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(urllib.error.HTTPError) as e:
+            urllib.request.urlopen(req)
+        assert e.value.code == 503
+        assert (tmp_path / "users.json").read_text() == ""
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()

tests/test_app.py

@@ -226,3 +226,167 @@ def test_log_page_running_state_has_no_restart_button(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
     html = app_module.app.test_client().get("/install/log").get_data(as_text=True)
     assert "next-steps" not in html
     assert "install_reboot" not in html and "restart now" not in html
+
+
+def test_nonzero_exit_without_traceback_is_an_error():
+    import app as app_module
+
+    # OOM kill / signal: archinstall dies mid-pacstrap and prints nothing.
+    log = "Installing packages: ['base'\n"
+    assert app_module.parse_install_progress(log)["status"] == "running"
+    assert app_module.parse_install_progress(log, exit_code=-9)["status"] == "error"
+    assert app_module.parse_install_progress(log, exit_code=0)["status"] == "running"
+
+
+class _FakeProc:
+    def __init__(self, code=None):
+        self.code = code
+
+    def poll(self):
+        return self.code
+
+
+def _install_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    import app as app_module
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "STATE_DIR", tmp_path)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "INSTALL_LOG", tmp_path / "install.log")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "_install_proc", None)
+    monkeypatch.delenv("FURTKA_DRY_RUN", raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(app_module.settings, "boot_drive", "/dev/sda")
+    monkeypatch.setitem(app_module.settings, "username", "u")
+    monkeypatch.setitem(app_module.settings, "password", "pw12345678")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "release_disk", lambda d: [f"released {d}"])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "build_disk_config", lambda d: {"device": d})
+    return app_module
+
+
+def test_install_run_refuses_second_concurrent_install(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    app_module = _install_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
+    spawned = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        app_module, "spawn_archinstall", lambda *a: spawned.append(a) or _FakeProc()
+    )
+    client = app_module.app.test_client()
+    assert client.post("/install/run").status_code == 302
+    assert client.post("/install/run").status_code == 302
+    assert len(spawned) == 1
+
+
+def test_install_run_disk_probe_failure_lands_in_log(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    app_module = _install_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
+
+    def boom(_):
+        raise RuntimeError("parted could not read /dev/sda")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "build_disk_config", boom)
+    resp = app_module.app.test_client().post("/install/run")
+    assert resp.status_code == 302
+    log = (tmp_path / "install.log").read_text()
+    assert "Traceback (most recent call last)" in log
+    assert app_module.parse_install_progress(log)["status"] == "error"
+
+
+def test_install_log_json_reports_crashed_archinstall(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    app_module = _install_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "install.log").write_text("Installing packages: ['base'\n")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "_install_proc", _FakeProc(code=137))
+    data = app_module.app.test_client().get("/install/log.json").get_json()
+    assert data["progress"]["status"] == "error"
+    assert "exit code 137" in data["log"]
+
+
+def test_step2_rejects_disk_not_offered(monkeypatch):
+    import app as app_module
+
+    offered = [
+        {
+            "name": "/dev/sda",
+            "usable": True,
+            "size": "500 GB",
+            "type_label": "SSD",
+            "health_label": "Healthy",
+            "score": 27,
+            "reason": "",
+            "warning": "",
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "/dev/sdb",
+            "usable": False,
+            "size": "8 GB",
+            "type_label": "USB",
+            "health_label": "Status unknown",
+            "score": 10,
+            "reason": "Too small",
+            "warning": "",
+        },
+    ]
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "list_scored_devices", lambda: offered)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(app_module.settings, "boot_drive", "")
+    client = app_module.app.test_client()
+    for bad in ("/dev/sdb", "/dev/nope", "/etc/passwd"):
+        resp = client.post("/install/step2", data={"boot_drive": bad})
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        assert app_module.settings["boot_drive"] == ""
+    resp = client.post("/install/step2", data={"boot_drive": "/dev/sda"})
+    assert resp.status_code == 302
+    assert app_module.settings["boot_drive"] == "/dev/sda"
+
+
+def test_validate_step1_lowercases_names():
+    errors, values = validate_step1(
+        {
+            "hostname": "Furtka",
+            "username": "Daniel",
+            "password": "topsecretpw",
+            "password2": "topsecretpw",
+            "language": "de",
+        }
+    )
+    assert errors == []
+    assert values["hostname"] == "furtka"
+    assert values["username"] == "daniel"
+
+
+def test_validate_step1_rejects_reserved_usernames():
+    for name in ("root", "caddy", "docker", "nobody"):
+        errors, _ = validate_step1(
+            {
+                "hostname": "furtka",
+                "username": name,
+                "password": "topsecretpw",
+                "password2": "topsecretpw",
+                "language": "en",
+            }
+        )
+        assert len(errors) == 1 and "reserved" in errors[0], name
+
+
+def test_post_install_sets_wait_online_any(monkeypatch):
+    import base64
+
+    import app as app_module
+
+    cmds = app_module._post_install_commands("h", "u", "pw12345678")
+    hits = [c for c in cmds if "systemd-networkd-wait-online.service.d" in c]
+    assert len(hits) == 1
+    payload = hits[0].split("printf %s ")[1].split(" |")[0]
+    assert "--any" in base64.b64decode(payload).decode()
+
+
+def test_wizard_pages_redirect_to_progress_while_installing(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    app_module = _install_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "_install_proc", _FakeProc(code=None))
+    client = app_module.app.test_client()
+    for path in ("/install/step1", "/install/step2", "/install/overview"):
+        resp = client.get(path)
+        assert resp.status_code == 302
+        assert resp.headers["Location"].endswith("/install/log")
+
+
+def test_error_page_offers_retry(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    app_module = _install_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "install.log").write_text("Traceback (most recent call last)\nboom\n")
+    html = app_module.app.test_client().get("/install/log").get_data(as_text=True)
+    assert "Try again" in html
+    assert "next-steps" not in html

tests/test_auth.py

@@ -40,14 +40,15 @@ def test_load_users_returns_empty_when_missing(tmp_users_file):
     assert auth.load_users() == {}
 
 
-def test_load_users_returns_empty_on_junk(tmp_users_file):
-    tmp_users_file.write_text("{not json")
-    assert auth.load_users() == {}
-
-
-def test_load_users_returns_empty_on_non_dict(tmp_users_file):
-    tmp_users_file.write_text("[]")
-    assert auth.load_users() == {}
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("content", ["{not json", "[]", "", "\x00\x00"])
+def test_load_users_fails_closed_on_corrupt_file(tmp_users_file, content):
+    """A damaged users.json must not read as "no admin yet" — that would
+    turn /login into an open create-admin form for anyone on the LAN."""
+    tmp_users_file.write_text(content)
+    with pytest.raises(auth.UsersFileError):
+        auth.load_users()
+    with pytest.raises(auth.UsersFileError):
+        auth.setup_needed()
 
 
 def test_save_users_atomic_and_0600(tmp_users_file):

tests/test_catalog.py

@@ -349,3 +349,30 @@ def test_sync_catalog_failure_writes_error_state(catalog, monkeypatch):
     state = catalog.read_state()
     assert state["stage"] == "error"
     assert "Network is unreachable" in state["error"]
+
+
+def test_sync_catalog_unexpected_error_lands_as_error_stage(catalog, monkeypatch):
+    """Disk full / mid-body disconnect used to leave the stage at
+    'downloading' forever because only CatalogError was caught."""
+    _stub_forgejo_release(monkeypatch, catalog, tag="26.6")
+
+    def boom(*a, **kw):
+        raise OSError(28, "No space left on device")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(catalog._rc, "download", boom)
+    with pytest.raises(catalog.CatalogError, match="No space left"):
+        catalog.sync_catalog()
+    assert catalog.read_state()["stage"] == "error"
+
+
+def test_release_download_wraps_socket_errors(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    from furtka import _release_common as rc
+
+    def reset(*a, **kw):
+        raise ConnectionResetError("reset by peer")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(rc.urllib.request, "urlopen", reset)
+    with pytest.raises(rc.ReleaseError, match="reset by peer"):
+        rc.download("https://x/y", tmp_path / "y")
+    with pytest.raises(rc.ReleaseError, match="reset by peer"):
+        rc.forgejo_api("x", "a/b", "/releases")

tests/test_drives.py

@@ -1,47 +1,63 @@
+import json
+
+import drives
+import pytest
 from drives import (
-    get_drive_type_label,
+    MIN_DISK_GB,
+    _boot_device_from_cmdline,
+    classify_drive,
+    format_size,
     get_drive_type_score,
     get_size_score,
-    parse_lsblk_output,
-    parse_size_gb,
-    score_device,
+    parse_lsblk_json,
 )
 
-
-def test_parse_size_gb_terabytes():
-    assert parse_size_gb("1T") == 1024.0
+GB = 1024**3
 
 
-def test_parse_size_gb_gigabytes():
-    assert parse_size_gb("500G") == 500.0
+def _lsblk(*entries):
+    """Build lsblk -J output. Each entry: (name, size_gb, type, extra-dict)."""
+    devs = []
+    for name, size_gb, dev_type, *extra in entries:
+        d = {
+            "name": name,
+            "size": int(size_gb * GB),
+            "type": dev_type,
+            "ro": False,
+            "rm": False,
+            "tran": "sata",
+            "rota": True,
+        }
+        if extra:
+            d.update(extra[0])
+        devs.append(d)
+    return json.dumps({"blockdevices": devs})
 
 
-def test_parse_size_gb_megabytes():
-    assert parse_size_gb("2048M") == 2.0
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _smart_passed(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(drives, "_smart_status", lambda _: "passed")
 
 
-def test_parse_size_gb_european_comma_decimal():
-    assert parse_size_gb("1,5T") == 1.5 * 1024
+def _names(devices):
+    return [d["name"] for d in devices]
 
 
-def test_parse_size_gb_empty_returns_none():
-    assert parse_size_gb("") is None
+def test_classify_uses_transport_and_rotation():
+    assert classify_drive("nvme0n1", tran="nvme", rota=False) == "NVMe"
+    assert classify_drive("sda", tran="sata", rota=False) == "SSD"
+    assert classify_drive("sda", tran="sata", rota=True) == "HDD"
+    assert classify_drive("mmcblk0", tran="", rota=False) == "eMMC"
+    assert classify_drive("sdb", tran="usb", rota=False) == "USB"
+    assert classify_drive("sdc", tran="", rota=True, removable=True) == "USB"
+    # SD cards in a built-in reader are removable mmc — still eMMC/mmc class.
+    assert classify_drive("mmcblk1", tran="", rota=False, removable=True) == "eMMC"
 
 
-def test_parse_size_gb_unknown_unit_returns_none():
-    assert parse_size_gb("500K") is None
-
-
-def test_drive_type_score_nvme():
-    assert get_drive_type_score("/dev/nvme0n1") == 15
-
-
-def test_drive_type_score_ssd():
-    assert get_drive_type_score("/dev/ssd0") == 10
-
-
-def test_drive_type_score_hdd_fallback():
-    assert get_drive_type_score("/dev/sda") == 5
+def test_type_scores_rank_internal_over_usb():
+    assert get_drive_type_score("NVMe") > get_drive_type_score("SSD")
+    assert get_drive_type_score("SSD") > get_drive_type_score("HDD")
+    assert get_drive_type_score("HDD") > get_drive_type_score("USB")
 
 
 def test_size_score_bands():
@@ -51,67 +67,145 @@ def test_size_score_bands():
     assert get_size_score(1024) == 10
 
 
-def test_score_device_sums_type_and_size(monkeypatch):
-    import drives
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(drives, "get_drive_health", lambda _: 10)
-    assert score_device("/dev/nvme0n1", 1024) == 15 + 10 + 10
-    assert score_device("/dev/sda", 64) == 5 + 10 + 5
+def test_format_size():
+    assert format_size(500 * GB) == "500 GB"
+    assert format_size(1024 * GB) == "1 TB"
+    assert format_size(int(1.5 * 1024 * GB)) == "1.5 TB"
+    assert format_size(int(7.5 * GB)) == "7.5 GB"
 
 
-def test_parse_lsblk_drops_loop_and_rom(monkeypatch):
-    import drives
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(drives, "_smart_status", lambda _: "passed")
-    output = "loop0   2.5G loop\nsr0    1024M rom\nsda    500G disk\nnvme0n1  1T disk\n"
-    devices = parse_lsblk_output(output)
-    names = [d["name"] for d in devices]
-    assert names == ["/dev/nvme0n1", "/dev/sda"]
+def test_drops_loop_rom_zram_and_emmc_boot_areas():
+    out = _lsblk(
+        ("loop0", 2.5, "loop"),
+        ("sr0", 1, "rom"),
+        ("zram0", 4, "disk"),
+        ("mmcblk0boot0", 0.004, "disk"),
+        ("mmcblk0boot1", 0.004, "disk"),
+        ("mmcblk0rpmb", 0.004, "disk"),
+        ("mmcblk0", 64, "disk", {"tran": "", "rota": False}),
+    )
+    assert _names(parse_lsblk_json(out)) == ["/dev/mmcblk0"]
 
 
-def test_parse_lsblk_attaches_human_labels(monkeypatch):
-    import drives
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(drives, "_smart_status", lambda _: "passed")
-    output = "nvme0n1  1T disk\n"
-    [dev] = parse_lsblk_output(output)
-    assert dev["type_label"] == "NVMe"
-    assert dev["health_label"] == "Healthy"
+def test_drops_empty_card_reader_slots_and_read_only_disks():
+    out = _lsblk(
+        ("sdc", 0, "disk", {"rm": True, "tran": "usb"}),
+        ("sdd", 500, "disk", {"ro": True}),
+        ("sda", 500, "disk"),
+    )
+    assert _names(parse_lsblk_json(out)) == ["/dev/sda"]
 
 
-def test_parse_lsblk_surfaces_smart_warning(monkeypatch):
-    import drives
+def test_ssd_beats_bigger_hdd():
+    # Regression: sdX SSDs used to be labelled HDD, so the 2 TB spinning disk
+    # won the recommendation over the 256 GB SSD.
+    out = _lsblk(
+        ("sda", 2048, "disk", {"rota": True}),
+        ("sdb", 256, "disk", {"rota": False}),
+    )
+    devices = parse_lsblk_json(out)
+    assert _names(devices) == ["/dev/sdb", "/dev/sda"]
+    assert [d["type_label"] for d in devices] == ["SSD", "HDD"]
 
+
+def test_usb_disk_ranked_after_internal():
+    out = _lsblk(
+        ("sda", 32, "disk", {"tran": "usb", "rota": False, "rm": True}),
+        ("mmcblk0", 32, "disk", {"tran": "", "rota": False}),
+    )
+    devices = parse_lsblk_json(out)
+    assert _names(devices) == ["/dev/mmcblk0", "/dev/sda"]
+    assert devices[1]["warning"]
+
+
+def test_too_small_disk_listed_but_unusable_and_last():
+    out = _lsblk(
+        ("sda", MIN_DISK_GB - 1, "disk", {"rota": False}),
+        ("sdb", 500, "disk"),
+    )
+    devices = parse_lsblk_json(out)
+    assert _names(devices) == ["/dev/sdb", "/dev/sda"]
+    assert devices[0]["usable"] is True
+    assert devices[1]["usable"] is False
+    assert str(MIN_DISK_GB) in devices[1]["reason"]
+
+
+def test_bios_warns_about_disks_over_2tb():
+    out = _lsblk(("sda", 4096, "disk"))
+    [bios] = parse_lsblk_json(out, uefi=False)
+    [efi] = parse_lsblk_json(out, uefi=True)
+    assert "2 TB" in bios["warning"]
+    assert efi["warning"] == ""
+
+
+def test_surfaces_smart_warning(monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setattr(drives, "_smart_status", lambda _: "failed")
-    [dev] = parse_lsblk_output("sda 500G disk\n")
+    [dev] = parse_lsblk_json(_lsblk(("sda", 500, "disk")))
     assert dev["health_label"] == "SMART warning"
 
 
-def test_drive_type_label_nvme_ssd_hdd():
-    assert get_drive_type_label("/dev/nvme0n1") == "NVMe"
-    assert get_drive_type_label("/dev/ssd0") == "SSD"
-    assert get_drive_type_label("/dev/sda") == "HDD"
+def test_accepts_old_util_linux_string_flags():
+    out = json.dumps(
+        {
+            "blockdevices": [
+                {
+                    "name": "sda",
+                    "size": str(500 * GB),
+                    "type": "disk",
+                    "ro": "0",
+                    "rm": "0",
+                    "tran": "sata",
+                    "rota": "0",
+                },
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    [dev] = parse_lsblk_json(out)
+    assert dev["type_label"] == "SSD"
 
 
-def test_parse_lsblk_handles_empty_output():
-    assert parse_lsblk_output("") == []
+def test_handles_empty_and_garbage_output():
+    assert parse_lsblk_json("") == []
+    assert parse_lsblk_json("not json") == []
 
 
-def test_parse_lsblk_drops_boot_usb(monkeypatch):
-    import drives
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(drives, "_smart_status", lambda _: "passed")
-    output = "sda    500G disk\nsdb     16G disk\nnvme0n1  1T disk\n"
-    devices = parse_lsblk_output(output, boot_disk="sdb")
-    names = [d["name"] for d in devices]
-    assert "/dev/sdb" not in names
-    assert names == ["/dev/nvme0n1", "/dev/sda"]
+def test_drops_boot_usb():
+    out = _lsblk(
+        ("sda", 500, "disk"),
+        ("sdb", 16, "disk", {"tran": "usb"}),
+        ("nvme0n1", 1024, "disk", {"tran": "nvme", "rota": False}),
+    )
+    assert _names(parse_lsblk_json(out, boot_disk="sdb")) == ["/dev/nvme0n1", "/dev/sda"]
 
 
-def test_parse_lsblk_no_boot_disk_keeps_all(monkeypatch):
-    import drives
+def test_boot_device_from_cmdline(monkeypatch):
+    calls = []
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(drives, "_smart_status", lambda _: "passed")
-    output = "sda 500G disk\nsdb  16G disk\n"
-    names = [d["name"] for d in parse_lsblk_output(output, boot_disk=None)]
-    assert set(names) == {"/dev/sda", "/dev/sdb"}
+    class R:
+        returncode = 0
+        stdout = "/dev/sdb1\n"
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(drives, "_run", lambda cmd, **_: calls.append(cmd) or R())
+    cmdline = "BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz archisosearchuuid=2026-08-25-10-00-00-00 quiet"
+    assert _boot_device_from_cmdline(cmdline) == "/dev/sdb1"
+    assert calls[-1] == ["blkid", "-U", "2026-08-25-10-00-00-00"]
+    assert _boot_device_from_cmdline("archisolabel=FURTKA_2620") == "/dev/sdb1"
+    assert calls[-1] == ["blkid", "-L", "FURTKA_2620"]
+    assert _boot_device_from_cmdline("archisodevice=/dev/sr0") == "/dev/sr0"
+    assert _boot_device_from_cmdline("quiet splash") is None
+
+
+def test_boot_disk_whole_disk_iso(monkeypatch):
+    # dd-written stick: ISO filesystem on the whole disk, PKNAME empty.
+    class R:
+        def __init__(self, out):
+            self.returncode = 0
+            self.stdout = out
+
+    def fake_run(cmd, **_):
+        if cmd[0] == "findmnt":
+            return R("/dev/sdb\n")
+        return R("\n")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(drives, "_run", fake_run)
+    assert drives._boot_disk_name() == "sdb"

tests/test_install_runner.py

@@ -478,3 +478,35 @@ def test_parse_hook_output_furtka_json_rejects_bad_payload(runner):
 def test_parse_hook_output_furtka_json_invalid_json(runner):
     with pytest.raises(runner.InstallRunnerError, match="invalid FURTKA_JSON"):
         runner._parse_hook_output("FURTKA_JSON: {not json}\n")
+
+
+def test_clear_stale_state_resets_abandoned_install(runner):
+    import time
+
+    runner.write_state("pulling_image", app="fileshare")
+    # Fresh state: could still be the runner starting up — leave it alone.
+    assert runner.clear_stale_state() is False
+    assert runner.read_state()["stage"] == "pulling_image"
+    # Two minutes later with nobody holding the lock: interrupted.
+    assert runner.clear_stale_state(now=time.time() + 120) is True
+    state = runner.read_state()
+    assert state["stage"] == "error"
+    assert state["app"] == "fileshare"
+    assert "interrupted" in state["error"]
+
+
+def test_clear_stale_state_keeps_running_install(runner):
+    import time
+
+    runner.write_state("pulling_image", app="fileshare")
+    fh = runner.acquire_lock()
+    try:
+        assert runner.clear_stale_state(now=time.time() + 3600) is False
+        assert runner.read_state()["stage"] == "pulling_image"
+    finally:
+        fh.close()
+
+
+def test_read_state_tolerates_non_object(runner):
+    runner.state_path().write_text("[1, 2]")
+    assert runner.read_state() == {}

tests/test_installer.py

@@ -462,3 +462,58 @@ def test_install_plan_skips_already_installed(tmp_path, fake_dirs, monkeypatch):
     )
     installer.install_plan(plan)
     assert calls == ["a"]
+
+
+# --- hardening: app names, validate-before-write, .env quoting --------------
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bad", ["/", ".", "..", "../catalog", "a/b", "", "UPPER"])
+def test_remove_refuses_non_app_names(fake_dirs, bad):
+    apps, _ = fake_dirs
+    (apps / "fileshare").mkdir()
+    with pytest.raises(installer.InstallError, match="not a valid app name"):
+        installer.remove(bad)
+    assert (apps / "fileshare").exists()
+    assert apps.exists()
+
+
+def test_update_env_refuses_non_app_names(fake_dirs):
+    with pytest.raises(installer.InstallError, match="not a valid app name"):
+        installer.update_env("..", {"X": "1"})
+
+
+def test_rejected_path_setting_never_reaches_env(tmp_path, fake_dirs):
+    media = tmp_path / "media"
+    media.mkdir()
+    src = _write_app_source(tmp_path, "jellyfin", PATH_MANIFEST)
+    installer.install_from(src, settings={"MEDIA_PATH": str(media)})
+    env = apps_dir() / "jellyfin" / ".env"
+    with pytest.raises(installer.InstallError, match="system path"):
+        installer.update_env("jellyfin", {"MEDIA_PATH": "/etc"})
+    assert "/etc" not in env.read_text()
+    assert f"MEDIA_PATH={media}" in env.read_text()
+
+
+def test_newline_in_setting_is_rejected(tmp_path, fake_dirs):
+    m = dict(VALID_MANIFEST, settings=[{"name": "PW", "label": "PW", "type": "password"}])
+    src = _write_app_source(tmp_path, "fileshare", m)
+    with pytest.raises(installer.InstallError, match="line breaks"):
+        installer.install_from(src, settings={"PW": "abc\nCOMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME=x"})
+    env = apps_dir() / "fileshare" / ".env"
+    assert not env.exists() or "COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME" not in env.read_text()
+
+
+def test_dollar_values_are_single_quoted_and_round_trip(tmp_path):
+    env = tmp_path / ".env"
+    values = {"PW": "pa$word", "B": "has space", "C": "it's $5", "D": "plain"}
+    installer.write_env(env, values)
+    text = env.read_text()
+    assert "PW='pa$word'" in text
+    assert "D=plain" in text
+    assert installer.read_env_values(env) == values
+
+
+def test_manifest_name_must_be_app_name(tmp_path, fake_dirs):
+    src = _write_app_source(tmp_path, "evil", dict(VALID_MANIFEST, name="../evil"))
+    with pytest.raises(installer.InstallError, match="lowercase"):
+        installer.install_from(src)

tests/test_updater.py

@@ -463,3 +463,79 @@ def test_check_update_raises_when_no_releases_published(updater, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setattr(updater, "_forgejo_api", lambda path: [])
     with pytest.raises(updater.UpdateError, match="no releases"):
         updater.check_update()
+
+
+def test_apply_update_rolls_back_on_oserror_and_restores_caddyfile(tmp_path, updater, monkeypatch):
+    """A non-UpdateError after the symlink flip (disk full writing the
+    Caddyfile) used to leave the new version live with no rollback."""
+    versions = updater.versions_dir()
+    versions.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (versions / "26.0-alpha").mkdir()
+    current = updater.current_symlink()
+    current.symlink_to(versions / "26.0-alpha")
+    caddyfile = tmp_path / "etc_caddy" / "Caddyfile"
+    caddyfile.parent.mkdir()
+    caddyfile.write_text("# old routes\n")
+
+    tar = tmp_path / "t.tar.gz"
+    _make_tarball(tar, "26.1-alpha")
+
+    def full_disk(_source):
+        caddyfile.write_text("# half-written new routes\n")
+        raise OSError(28, "No space left on device")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(updater, "_refresh_caddyfile", full_disk)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(updater, "_run", lambda cmd: None)
+    import subprocess
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda *a, **kw: None)
+
+    with pytest.raises(updater.UpdateError, match="rolled back"):
+        updater.apply_update(tar, "26.1-alpha")
+    assert current.resolve() == (versions / "26.0-alpha").resolve()
+    assert caddyfile.read_text() == "# old routes\n"
+    assert updater.read_state()["stage"] == "rolled_back"
+
+
+def test_swap_symlink_replaces_existing_link(tmp_path, updater):
+    a, b = tmp_path / "a", tmp_path / "b"
+    a.mkdir()
+    b.mkdir()
+    link = tmp_path / "current"
+    link.symlink_to(a)
+    updater._swap_symlink(link, b)
+    assert link.resolve() == b.resolve()
+    assert not (tmp_path / "current.new").exists()
+
+
+def test_run_update_writes_error_stage_on_download_failure(updater, monkeypatch):
+    class _Check:
+        update_available = True
+        latest = "26.1-alpha"
+        current = "26.0-alpha"
+        tarball_url = "http://x/t.tar.gz"
+        sha256_url = "http://x/t.sha256"
+
+    def fake_check():
+        return _Check()
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(updater, "check_update", fake_check)
+
+    def boom(url, dest):
+        raise OSError(28, "No space left on device")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(updater, "_download", boom)
+    with pytest.raises(updater.UpdateError, match="No space left"):
+        updater.run_update()
+    state = updater.read_state()
+    assert state["stage"] == "error"
+    assert "No space left" in state["reason"]
+
+
+def test_health_check_survives_read_timeout(updater, monkeypatch):
+    def slow(url, timeout):
+        raise TimeoutError("timed out")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("urllib.request.urlopen", slow)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(updater.time, "sleep", lambda _s: None)
+    assert updater._health_check("http://127.0.0.1:7000/api/apps", deadline_s=0.05) is False

webinstaller/app.py

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import os
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import threading
+import traceback
 from datetime import UTC
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -76,6 +78,35 @@ settings = {
 HOSTNAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?$")
 USERNAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-z_][a-z0-9_-]{0,31}$")
 
+# Accounts that already exist on the installed system (base + the packages
+# we install). Picking one of these either fails user creation mid-install
+# (root) or makes the admin collide with a service account (caddy, docker…).
+RESERVED_USERNAMES = frozenset(
+    {
+        "root",
+        "bin",
+        "daemon",
+        "mail",
+        "ftp",
+        "http",
+        "nobody",
+        "dbus",
+        "git",
+        "uuidd",
+        "avahi",
+        "caddy",
+        "docker",
+        "polkitd",
+        "rtkit",
+        "systemd-coredump",
+        "systemd-journal-remote",
+        "systemd-network",
+        "systemd-oom",
+        "systemd-resolve",
+        "systemd-timesync",
+    }
+)
+
 # Ordered phase markers for the install progress bar. Each tuple is
 # (substring to search for in the archinstall log, progress percent when
 # reached, user-facing label). Pick the furthest phase whose marker is
@@ -108,7 +139,13 @@ PROGRESS_ERROR_HINTS = [
 ]
 
 
-def parse_install_progress(log):
+def parse_install_progress(log, exit_code=None):
+    """Progress dict from the install log.
+
+    `exit_code` is archinstall's return code once the process has ended
+    (None while running or unknown). A non-zero exit is an error even when
+    the log has no Traceback — OOM kills and signals print nothing.
+    """
     percent = 2
     phase = "Starting up…"
     for marker, pct, label in PROGRESS_PHASES:
@@ -118,7 +155,7 @@ def parse_install_progress(log):
 
     if percent >= 100:
         status = "done"
-    elif any(m in log for m in PROGRESS_ERROR_MARKERS):
+    elif any(m in log for m in PROGRESS_ERROR_MARKERS) or exit_code not in (None, 0):
         status = "error"
         phase = "Installation failed — open Show details below"
         for marker, hint in PROGRESS_ERROR_HINTS:
@@ -127,24 +164,39 @@ def parse_install_progress(log):
                 break
     else:
         status = "running"
+        if percent == 18:
+            # archinstall waits for NTP time sync with no timeout. Only a hint:
+            # it usually clears on its own within a minute.
+            phase = (
+                "Syncing time and packages — if this takes more than a few "
+                "minutes, check that the network cable is plugged in"
+            )
 
     return {"percent": percent, "phase": phase, "status": status}
 
 
 def validate_step1(form):
     errors = []
+    # Lowercase instead of rejecting "Furtka" / "Daniel" — Linux needs
+    # lowercase, people type names the way they write them.
     values = {
-        "hostname": form.get("hostname", "").strip(),
-        "username": form.get("username", "").strip(),
+        "hostname": form.get("hostname", "").strip().lower(),
+        "username": form.get("username", "").strip().lower(),
         "password": form.get("password", ""),
         "language": form.get("language", ""),
     }
     password2 = form.get("password2", "")
 
     if not HOSTNAME_RE.match(values["hostname"]):
-        errors.append("Hostname must be lowercase letters, digits, hyphens (max 63 chars).")
+        errors.append(
+            "The server name can only use letters, digits and hyphens (no spaces, max 63)."
+        )
     if not USERNAME_RE.match(values["username"]):
-        errors.append("Username must start with a letter or underscore, lowercase only.")
+        errors.append(
+            "The username must start with a letter and can only use letters, digits, - and _."
+        )
+    elif values["username"] in RESERVED_USERNAMES:
+        errors.append(f"“{values['username']}” is reserved by the system — please pick another.")
     if len(values["password"]) < 8:
         errors.append("Password must be at least 8 characters.")
     if values["password"] != password2:
@@ -438,6 +490,16 @@ def _post_install_commands(hostname, admin_username, admin_password):
         # Initial status.json so Caddy doesn't 404 before furtka-status fires.
         _write_file_cmd("/var/lib/furtka/status.json", _read_asset("www/status.json")),
         nss_sed,
+        # The installed system inherits the live ISO's networkd config
+        # (DHCP on every Ethernet + Wi-Fi link) but not its wait-online
+        # drop-in, so a board with a second, unplugged NIC stalled boot for
+        # up to 2 minutes before network-online.target. Any one link is
+        # enough for a home server.
+        _write_file_cmd(
+            "/etc/systemd/system/systemd-networkd-wait-online.service.d/any-interface.conf",
+            "[Service]\nExecStart=\n"
+            "ExecStart=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-networkd-wait-online --any\n",
+        ),
         # Resource manager bootstrap: extract tarball → versions/<ver>/,
         # symlink current, install wrapper, systemctl-link unit files.
         *_resource_manager_commands(),
@@ -570,6 +632,16 @@ def spawn_archinstall(config_path, creds_path, log_path):
     )
 
 
+@app.before_request
+def _stay_on_progress_while_installing():
+    # While archinstall runs, the wizard pages would let a second browser
+    # (or Back) edit settings that no longer apply — show the progress.
+    running = _install_proc is not None and _install_proc.poll() is None
+    if running and request.endpoint in ("install_step_1", "install_step_2", "install_overview"):
+        return redirect(url_for("install_log_view"))
+    return None
+
+
 @app.route("/")
 def home():
     return redirect(url_for("install_step_1"))
@@ -594,32 +666,89 @@ def install_step_1():
     )
 
 
+# Size/type of the disk picked in step 2, for the confirm page (re-probing
+# would re-run smartctl on every disk).
+_selected_drive: dict = {}
+
+
 @app.route("/install/step2", methods=["GET", "POST"])
 def install_step_2():
+    drives = list_scored_devices()
+    error = ""
     if request.method == "POST":
         boot_drive = request.form.get("boot_drive", "").strip()
-        if boot_drive:
+        # Only accept a disk we actually offered — never a free-form path.
+        picked = next((d for d in drives if d["name"] == boot_drive and d["usable"]), None)
+        if picked:
             settings["boot_drive"] = boot_drive
+            _selected_drive.clear()
+            _selected_drive.update(picked)
             return redirect(url_for("install_overview"))
+        error = "Please pick one of the disks below."
     return render_template(
         "install/step2.html",
-        drives=list_scored_devices(),
+        drives=drives,
         selected=settings.get("boot_drive", ""),
+        error=error,
     )
 
 
 @app.route("/install/overview")
 def install_overview():
+    if not settings["boot_drive"] or not settings["username"]:
+        return redirect(url_for("install_step_1"))
     masked = {**settings, "password": "•" * 8 if settings["password"] else ""}
-    return render_template("install/overview.html", settings=masked)
+    drive = _selected_drive if _selected_drive.get("name") == settings["boot_drive"] else None
+    language = LANGUAGES.get(settings["language"], {}).get("label", settings["language"])
+    return render_template(
+        "install/overview.html", settings=masked, drive=drive, language_label=language
+    )
+
+
+# The running archinstall process, so a second click (double-submit, Back +
+# Install again, a second browser) can't start another install on the same
+# disk, and so the progress page can see an exit without a Traceback.
+_install_proc = None
+_install_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def _install_exit_code():
+    return None if _install_proc is None else _install_proc.poll()
+
+
+def _read_install_log():
+    log = INSTALL_LOG.read_text(errors="replace") if INSTALL_LOG.exists() else ""
+    code = _install_exit_code()
+    if code not in (None, 0):
+        log += f"\n\narchinstall stopped unexpectedly (exit code {code}).\n"
+    return log, code
 
 
 @app.route("/install/run", methods=["POST"])
 def install_run():
     if not settings["boot_drive"] or not settings["username"] or not settings["password"]:
         return redirect(url_for("install_step_1"))
-    config_path, creds_path = write_install_files(settings, STATE_DIR)
+    with _install_lock:
+        if _install_proc is not None and _install_proc.poll() is None:
+            return redirect(url_for("install_log_view"))
+        return _start_install()
+
+
+def _start_install():
+    global _install_proc
+    STATE_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     INSTALL_LOG.write_bytes(b"")
+    try:
+        config_path, creds_path = write_install_files(settings, STATE_DIR)
+    except Exception:
+        # archinstall's disk probe raises on disks it can't parse (broken
+        # GPT, odd card readers). Put the traceback where the progress page
+        # finds it instead of a bare "Internal Server Error".
+        with INSTALL_LOG.open("a") as fh:
+            fh.write(
+                f"Could not read the layout of {settings['boot_drive']}.\n" + traceback.format_exc()
+            )
+        return redirect(url_for("install_log_view"))
     if os.environ.get("FURTKA_DRY_RUN") == "1":
         INSTALL_LOG.write_text(
             f"DRY RUN: would exec archinstall --config {config_path} "
@@ -631,33 +760,33 @@ def install_run():
         # while those hold the partitions open (first hardware bench, 26.19).
         with INSTALL_LOG.open("a") as fh:
             fh.write("\n".join(release_disk(settings["boot_drive"])) + "\n\n")
-        spawn_archinstall(config_path, creds_path, INSTALL_LOG)
+        _install_proc = spawn_archinstall(config_path, creds_path, INSTALL_LOG)
     return redirect(url_for("install_log_view"))
 
 
 @app.route("/install/log")
 def install_log_view():
-    log = INSTALL_LOG.read_text() if INSTALL_LOG.exists() else ""
+    log, code = _read_install_log()
     return render_template(
         "install/log.html",
         log=log,
-        progress=parse_install_progress(log),
+        progress=parse_install_progress(log, code),
         hostname=settings["hostname"],
     )
 
 
 @app.route("/install/log.json")
 def install_log_json():
-    log = INSTALL_LOG.read_text() if INSTALL_LOG.exists() else ""
-    return jsonify(log=log, progress=parse_install_progress(log))
+    log, code = _read_install_log()
+    return jsonify(log=log, progress=parse_install_progress(log, code))
 
 
 @app.route("/install/reboot", methods=["POST"])
 def install_reboot():
     # Only allow rebooting once the install has actually finished — we don't
     # want a panicked click during install to reboot mid-pacstrap.
-    log = INSTALL_LOG.read_text() if INSTALL_LOG.exists() else ""
-    if parse_install_progress(log)["status"] != "done":
+    log, code = _read_install_log()
+    if parse_install_progress(log, code)["status"] != "done":
         return redirect(url_for("install_log_view"))
     # Delay reboot a few seconds so the browser can finish fetching CSS / assets
     # for the rebooting page before the Flask server (and network) go away.

webinstaller/drives.py

@@ -1,55 +1,89 @@
+import json
+import re
 import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Smallest disk we offer as an install target. The base system plus Docker
+# needs ~6 GB; the rest is headroom for images and app data.
+MIN_DISK_GB = 16
+
+# MBR (what archinstall lays out on BIOS boxes) can't address past 2 TiB.
+MBR_LIMIT_GB = 2048
+
+# Block devices lsblk reports as TYPE=disk that are never install targets:
+# compressed RAM swap and the eMMC hardware boot / RPMB areas (4 MB, usually
+# read-only) that show up next to mmcblk0 on every eMMC mini-PC and laptop.
+_PSEUDO_DISK_RE = re.compile(r"^(zram\d+|mmcblk\d+boot\d+|mmcblk\d+rpmb)$")
+
+_SUBPROCESS_TIMEOUT = 15
+
+
+def _run(cmd, timeout=_SUBPROCESS_TIMEOUT):
+    """subprocess.run with a timeout; None when the tool is missing or hangs."""
+    try:
+        return subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout)
+    except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+        return None
+
+
+def _parent_disk(device):
+    result = _run(["lsblk", "-no", "PKNAME", device])
+    if result is None or result.returncode != 0:
+        return None
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.stdout.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    return lines[0] if lines else None
+
+
+def _boot_device_from_cmdline(cmdline):
+    """Resolve the boot partition from archiso's kernel args, or None."""
+    args = dict(arg.split("=", 1) for arg in cmdline.split() if "=" in arg)
+    if args.get("archisodevice", "").startswith("/dev/"):
+        return args["archisodevice"]
+    if args.get("archisosearchuuid"):
+        cmd = ["blkid", "-U", args["archisosearchuuid"]]
+    elif args.get("archisolabel"):
+        cmd = ["blkid", "-L", args["archisolabel"]]
+    else:
+        return None
+    result = _run(cmd)
+    if result is None or result.returncode != 0:
+        return None
+    return result.stdout.strip() or None
 
 
 def _boot_disk_name():
     """Return the parent disk name of the live-ISO boot media (e.g. "sdb"), or None.
 
-    On a normal box `/run/archiso/bootmnt` does not exist and we return None,
-    leaving the device list untouched. On bare metal booted from USB this is
-    the stick we booted from — we want to filter it out so the user can't
-    accidentally pick it as the install target.
+    On bare metal booted from USB this is the stick we booted from — we want
+    to filter it out so the user can't accidentally pick it as the install
+    target. Primary source is the mount behind /run/archiso/bootmnt; when
+    that's gone (copytoram unmounts it) fall back to the UUID/label archiso
+    put on the kernel command line.
     """
+    partition = None
+    result = _run(["findmnt", "-no", "SOURCE", "/run/archiso/bootmnt"])
+    if result is not None and result.returncode == 0:
+        partition = result.stdout.strip() or None
+    if partition is None:
         try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            ["findmnt", "-no", "SOURCE", "/run/archiso/bootmnt"],
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-        )
-    except FileNotFoundError:
+            partition = _boot_device_from_cmdline(Path("/proc/cmdline").read_text())
+        except OSError:
+            partition = None
+    if partition is None:
         return None
-    if result.returncode != 0:
-        return None
-    partition = result.stdout.strip()
-    if not partition:
-        return None
-    try:
-        parent = subprocess.run(
-            ["lsblk", "-no", "PKNAME", partition],
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-        )
-    except FileNotFoundError:
-        return None
-    if parent.returncode != 0:
-        return None
-    name = parent.stdout.strip().splitlines()[0] if parent.stdout.strip() else ""
-    return name or None
+    # A stick written with dd has the ISO filesystem on the whole disk, where
+    # PKNAME is empty — the device itself is then the disk.
+    return _parent_disk(partition) or Path(partition).name
 
 
 def _smart_status(device):
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            ["smartctl", "-H", device],
-            capture_output=True,
-        )
-        output = result.stdout.decode()
-        if "PASSED" in output:
-            return "passed"
-        elif "FAILED" in output:
-            return "failed"
+    result = _run(["smartctl", "-H", device])
+    if result is None:
         return "unknown"
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error checking SMART status for {device}: {e}")
+    if "PASSED" in result.stdout:
+        return "passed"
+    if "FAILED" in result.stdout:
+        return "failed"
     return "unknown"
 
 
@@ -60,40 +94,33 @@ _HEALTH_LABEL = {
     "unknown": "Status unknown",
 }
 
+_TYPE_SCORE = {"NVMe": 15, "SSD": 10, "eMMC": 8, "HDD": 5, "USB": 0}
+
 
 def get_drive_health(device):
     return _HEALTH_SCORE[_smart_status(device)]
 
 
-def get_drive_type_score(device):
-    name = device.lower()
-    if "nvme" in name:
-        return 15
-    if "ssd" in name:
-        return 10
-    return 5
+def classify_drive(name, tran="", rota=None, removable=False):
+    """Human label for a disk: NVMe, SSD, eMMC, HDD or USB.
 
-
-def get_drive_type_label(device):
-    name = device.lower()
-    if "nvme" in name:
+    Uses lsblk's transport and rotational flags — the kernel name alone
+    can't tell an SSD from a spinning disk (both are sdX).
+    """
+    tran = (tran or "").lower()
+    if tran == "usb" or (removable and not name.startswith("mmcblk")):
+        return "USB"
+    if tran == "nvme" or name.startswith("nvme"):
         return "NVMe"
-    if "ssd" in name:
+    if tran == "mmc" or name.startswith("mmcblk"):
+        return "eMMC"
+    if rota is False:
         return "SSD"
     return "HDD"
 
 
-def parse_size_gb(size_str):
-    size_str = size_str.strip().upper().replace(",", ".")
-    if not size_str:
-        return None
-    if size_str.endswith("T"):
-        return float(size_str[:-1]) * 1024
-    if size_str.endswith("G"):
-        return float(size_str[:-1])
-    if size_str.endswith("M"):
-        return float(size_str[:-1]) / 1024
-    return None
+def get_drive_type_score(type_label):
+    return _TYPE_SCORE.get(type_label, 5)
 
 
 def get_size_score(size_gb):
@@ -106,61 +133,98 @@ def get_size_score(size_gb):
     return 10
 
 
-def score_device(device, size_gb):
-    return get_drive_type_score(device) + get_drive_health(device) + get_size_score(size_gb)
+def format_size(size_bytes):
+    gb = size_bytes / 1024**3
+    if gb >= 1024:
+        return f"{gb / 1024:.1f} TB".replace(".0 ", " ")
+    if gb >= 10:
+        return f"{gb:.0f} GB"
+    return f"{gb:.1f} GB"
 
 
-def parse_lsblk_output(output, boot_disk=None):
-    """Parse `lsblk -dn -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE` output into scored device dicts.
+def _flag(value):
+    # util-linux ≥2.37 emits JSON booleans; older builds emit "0"/"1".
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return value
+    return str(value).strip() in ("1", "true")
 
-    Keeps only TYPE=disk so the live ISO's own squashfs (loop) and the boot
-    CD-ROM (rom) don't show up as install targets. If `boot_disk` is given,
-    that disk is also dropped — it's the USB stick the live ISO booted from
-    on bare metal, where it appears as TYPE=disk and would otherwise be a
-    valid-looking install target.
+
+def parse_lsblk_json(output, boot_disk=None, uefi=True):
+    """Parse `lsblk -J -d -b -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,RO,RM,TRAN,ROTA` into device dicts.
+
+    Keeps only real, writable, non-empty TYPE=disk devices (drops the live
+    ISO's loop/rom, zram, eMMC boot areas, empty card-reader slots) and the
+    USB stick we booted from. Disks too small to install on stay in the list
+    with `usable=False` and a reason so the user sees why they're greyed out.
+    Sorted best-first; unusable disks last.
     """
+    try:
+        entries = json.loads(output or "{}").get("blockdevices", [])
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+        return []
     devices = []
-    for line in output.strip().split("\n"):
-        if not line:
+    for e in entries:
+        name = e.get("name") or ""
+        if e.get("type") != "disk" or not name:
             continue
-        parts = line.split()
-        if len(parts) < 3:
+        if _PSEUDO_DISK_RE.match(name) or (boot_disk and name == boot_disk):
             continue
-        name, size, dev_type = parts[0], parts[1], parts[2]
-        if dev_type != "disk":
-            continue
-        if boot_disk and name == boot_disk:
+        try:
+            size_bytes = int(e.get("size") or 0)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            size_bytes = 0
+        if size_bytes <= 0 or _flag(e.get("ro", False)):
             continue
+        size_gb = size_bytes / 1024**3
+        type_label = classify_drive(
+            name,
+            tran=e.get("tran") or "",
+            rota=_flag(e.get("rota")) if e.get("rota") is not None else None,
+            removable=_flag(e.get("rm", False)),
+        )
         device = f"/dev/{name}"
-        size_gb = parse_size_gb(size)
-        status = _smart_status(device)
-        score = get_drive_type_score(device) + _HEALTH_SCORE[status] + get_size_score(size_gb)
+        usable = size_gb >= MIN_DISK_GB
+        status = _smart_status(device) if usable else "unknown"
+        warning = ""
+        if not uefi and size_gb > MBR_LIMIT_GB:
+            warning = (
+                "This computer starts in legacy (BIOS) mode, which can only use "
+                "the first 2 TB of this disk. Switch the firmware to UEFI to use all of it."
+            )
+        elif type_label == "USB":
+            warning = (
+                "This is a USB drive — it works, but an internal disk is faster and more reliable."
+            )
         devices.append(
             {
                 "name": device,
-                "size": size,
-                "type_label": get_drive_type_label(device),
+                "size": format_size(size_bytes),
+                "size_gb": size_gb,
+                "type_label": type_label,
                 "health_label": _HEALTH_LABEL[status],
-                "score": score,
+                "score": get_drive_type_score(type_label)
+                + _HEALTH_SCORE[status]
+                + get_size_score(size_gb),
+                "usable": usable,
+                "reason": "" if usable else f"Too small — Furtka needs at least {MIN_DISK_GB} GB",
+                "warning": warning,
             }
         )
-    devices.sort(key=lambda d: d["score"], reverse=True)
+    devices.sort(key=lambda d: (d["usable"], d["score"]), reverse=True)
     return devices
 
 
 def list_scored_devices():
-    """Return [{name, size, score}, ...] for all physical disks, highest score first."""
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            ["lsblk", "-dn", "-o", "NAME,SIZE,TYPE"],
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-            check=True,
-        )
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        print(f"Error listing devices: {e}")
+    """Return [{name, size, score, usable, ...}, ...] for all physical disks, best first."""
+    result = _run(["lsblk", "-J", "-d", "-b", "-o", "NAME,SIZE,TYPE,RO,RM,TRAN,ROTA"])
+    if result is None or result.returncode != 0:
+        print(f"Error listing devices: {result.stderr if result else 'lsblk unavailable'}")
         return []
-    return parse_lsblk_output(result.stdout, boot_disk=_boot_disk_name())
+    return parse_lsblk_json(
+        result.stdout,
+        boot_disk=_boot_disk_name(),
+        uefi=Path("/sys/firmware/efi").exists(),
+    )
 
 
 def main():
@@ -168,11 +232,11 @@ def main():
     if not devices:
         print("No storage devices found.")
         return
-    print(f"\n{'Device':<20} {'Size':<10} {'Score'}")
-    print("-" * 40)
+    print(f"\n{'Device':<20} {'Size':<10} {'Type':<6} {'Score'}")
+    print("-" * 46)
     for d in devices:
-        print(f"{d['name']:<20} {d['size']:<10} {d['score']}")
-    print(f"\nBest drive for boot: {devices[0]['name']} (score {devices[0]['score']})")
+        note = "" if d["usable"] else f"  ({d['reason']})"
+        print(f"{d['name']:<20} {d['size']:<10} {d['type_label']:<6} {d['score']}{note}")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

webinstaller/static/style.css

@@ -190,9 +190,17 @@ select:focus {
   background: var(--bg-card);
   border: 1px solid var(--border);
   border-radius: 8px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
   cursor: pointer;
   transition: border-color 120ms, background 120ms;
 }
+.drive-disabled { cursor: not-allowed; opacity: 0.6; }
+.drive-disabled:hover { border-color: var(--border); }
+.drive .drive-note {
+  flex-basis: 100%;
+  font-size: 0.82rem;
+  color: var(--fg-muted);
+}
 .drive:hover { border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 50%, var(--border)); }
 .drive input[type="radio"] {
   accent-color: var(--accent);

webinstaller/templates/install/log.html

@@ -18,10 +18,23 @@
 </h1>
 <p class="lede" id="install-lede">
 {% if progress.status == "done" %}Installation finished. Two more steps and Furtka is running from its own disk.
-{% elif progress.status == "error" %}Something went wrong. Open the details below and share them so we can help.
-{% else %}This takes a few minutes. Don't close this page or power off the machine.{% endif %}
+{% elif progress.status == "error" %}{{ progress.phase }}.
+{% else %}This takes 5–20 minutes, depending on your internet speed. Don't power off the machine — it's fine to close this page and come back.{% endif %}
 </p>
 
+{% if progress.status == "error" %}
+<p>Your settings are kept, so you can simply try again. If it fails the same way twice,
+open <em>Show details</em> below — the last lines of the log say what went wrong.</p>
+<form method="post" action="{{ url_for('install_run') }}"
+      onsubmit="this.querySelector('button').disabled = true;">
+    <div class="actions">
+        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Try again</button>
+        <a href="{{ url_for('install_step_2') }}" class="btn btn-link">Pick a different disk</a>
+        <a href="{{ url_for('install_step_1') }}" class="btn btn-link">Change settings</a>
+    </div>
+</form>
+{% endif %}
+
 {% if progress.status == "done" %}
 {# The USB-stick step has to be read *before* the click: the machine reboots
    3 s after it, and most BIOSes boot the stick before the disk — so the
@@ -43,7 +56,7 @@
 <div class="progress" role="progressbar" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" aria-valuenow="{{ progress.percent }}">
     <div id="progress-bar" class="progress-bar{% if progress.status == 'error' %} progress-bar-error{% endif %}{% if progress.status == 'done' %} progress-bar-done{% endif %}" style="width: {{ progress.percent }}%;"></div>
 </div>
-<p class="progress-phase"><span id="progress-phase">{{ progress.phase }}</span> · <span id="progress-percent">{{ progress.percent }}</span>%</p>
+<p class="progress-phase" aria-live="polite"><span id="progress-phase">{{ progress.phase }}</span> · <span id="progress-percent">{{ progress.percent }}</span>%</p>
 
 <details class="log-details">
     <summary>Show details</summary>
@@ -59,17 +72,7 @@
     var phaseEl = document.getElementById('progress-phase');
     var percentEl = document.getElementById('progress-percent');
     var logEl = document.getElementById('install-log');
-    var headingEl = document.getElementById('install-heading');
-    var ledeEl = document.getElementById('install-lede');
-
-    var HEADINGS = {
-        done: 'Furtka is ready',
-        error: 'Installation hit a snag',
-    };
-    var LEDES = {
-        done: 'Installation finished. Remove the USB / eject the installer image, then reboot.',
-        error: 'Something went wrong. Open the details below and share them so we can help.',
-    };
+    var failures = 0;
 
     function tick() {
         fetch('{{ url_for("install_log_json") }}', { cache: 'no-store' })
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@
             .then(function (data) {
                 var p = data.progress;
                 bar.style.width = p.percent + '%';
+                bar.parentNode.setAttribute('aria-valuenow', p.percent);
                 phaseEl.textContent = p.phase;
                 percentEl.textContent = p.percent;
                 if (logEl.textContent !== data.log) {
@@ -84,21 +88,23 @@
                     logEl.textContent = data.log || '(waiting for install to start)';
                     if (atBottom) logEl.scrollTop = logEl.scrollHeight;
                 }
-                if (p.status === 'done') {
-                    // Reload so the server-rendered Done state (with the
-                    // Reboot button) replaces the running-state markup.
+                if (p.status === 'done' || p.status === 'error') {
+                    // Reload so the server-rendered Done / error state (with
+                    // its Reboot or Try-again buttons) replaces the
+                    // running-state markup.
                     window.location.reload();
                     return;
                 }
-                if (p.status === 'error') {
-                    bar.classList.add('progress-bar-error');
-                    headingEl.textContent = HEADINGS.error;
-                    ledeEl.textContent = LEDES.error;
-                    return;
-                }
+                failures = 0;
                 setTimeout(tick, 3000);
             })
-            .catch(function () { setTimeout(tick, 3000); });
+            .catch(function () {
+                failures += 1;
+                if (failures >= 2) {
+                    phaseEl.textContent = 'Lost connection to the installer — retrying…';
+                }
+                setTimeout(tick, 3000);
+            });
     }
     setTimeout(tick, 3000);
 })();

webinstaller/templates/install/overview.html

@@ -5,27 +5,27 @@
 
 {% block content %}
 <h1>Confirm install</h1>
-<p class="lede">Review the settings below. Continuing will <strong>wipe <code>{{ settings.boot_drive }}</code></strong> and install Furtka.</p>
+<p class="lede">Check the settings below. Continuing will <strong>erase <code>{{ settings.boot_drive }}</code></strong> and install Furtka on it.</p>
 
-<div class="alert alert-warn">
-    This is destructive. All existing data on the selected boot drive will be lost.
+<div class="alert alert-warn" role="alert">
+    Everything currently on this disk will be deleted and can't be recovered.
 </div>
 
 <div class="summary">
     <table>
-        {% for k, v in settings.items() %}
-        <tr>
-            <td>{{ k.replace('_', ' ') }}</td>
-            <td>{{ v }}</td>
-        </tr>
-        {% endfor %}
+        <tr><td>Server name</td><td>{{ settings.hostname }} <span class="hint">(http://{{ settings.hostname }}.local)</span></td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Username</td><td>{{ settings.username }}</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Password</td><td>{{ settings.password }}</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Language</td><td>{{ language_label }}</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Disk</td><td>{{ settings.boot_drive }}{% if drive %} — {{ drive.size }} {{ drive.type_label }}{% endif %}</td></tr>
     </table>
 </div>
 
-<form method="post" action="{{ url_for('install_run') }}">
+<form method="post" action="{{ url_for('install_run') }}"
+      onsubmit="this.querySelector('button').disabled = true; this.querySelector('button').textContent = 'Starting…';">
     <div class="actions">
-        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Install — wipe drive and proceed</button>
-        <a href="{{ url_for('install_step_1') }}" class="btn btn-link">← Start over</a>
+        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Erase disk and install</button>
+        <a href="{{ url_for('install_step_2') }}" class="btn btn-link">← Back</a>
     </div>
 </form>
 {% endblock %}

webinstaller/templates/install/rebooting.html

@@ -10,5 +10,7 @@
 <p class="muted">If the installer does come back anyway, your BIOS is set to boot from USB before the disk. Press the one-time boot menu key at startup (often <kbd>F11</kbd>, <kbd>F12</kbd>, or <kbd>Esc</kbd> — it flashes briefly on screen) and pick the internal disk, or change the boot order in BIOS settings.</p>
 <p>When the machine comes back up (~1 minute), open Furtka in your browser:</p>
 <p><a href="http://{{ hostname }}.local" class="btn btn-primary">http://{{ hostname }}.local</a></p>
-<p class="muted">If that doesn't resolve, your network may not support mDNS — use the IP address shown on the machine's console instead.</p>
+<p class="muted">If that address doesn't open (some Android phones and older Windows PCs can't look up <code>.local</code> names),
+use the IP address instead: it's shown on the machine's screen, or look for a device called
+<strong>{{ hostname }}</strong> in your router's list of connected devices. The address may differ from the one the installer used.</p>
 {% endblock %}

webinstaller/templates/install/step1.html

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 {% block step_indicator %}<span class="step-indicator">Step 1 of 3</span>{% endblock %}
 
 {% block content %}
-<h1>Account &amp; hostname</h1>
+<h1>Name &amp; account</h1>
 <p class="lede">Set the server name and your administrator account.</p>
 
 {% if errors %}
-<div class="alert alert-error">
+<div class="alert alert-error" role="alert">
     <strong>Please fix the following:</strong>
     <ul>
         {% for e in errors %}<li>{{ e }}</li>{% endfor %}
@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@
 
 <form method="post" action="{{ url_for('install_step_1') }}">
     <div class="field">
-        <label for="hostname">Hostname</label>
-        <input type="text" id="hostname" name="hostname" required value="{{ values.hostname }}" autocomplete="off" />
-        <span class="hint">The name your server shows up as on your home network. Lowercase letters, numbers, and dashes only.</span>
+        <label for="hostname">Server name</label>
+        <input type="text" id="hostname" name="hostname" required value="{{ values.hostname }}" autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" aria-describedby="hostname-hint" />
+        <span class="hint" id="hostname-hint">You'll open your server at <strong>http://<span id="hostname-preview">{{ values.hostname or "furtka" }}</span>.local</strong>. Letters, numbers and dashes only.</span>
     </div>
     <div class="field">
         <label for="username">Admin username</label>
-        <input type="text" id="username" name="username" required value="{{ values.username }}" autocomplete="username" />
-        <span class="hint">Your login name on the server. You'll use this to sign in after installation.</span>
+        <input type="text" id="username" name="username" required value="{{ values.username }}" autocomplete="username" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" aria-describedby="username-hint" />
+        <span class="hint" id="username-hint">Your login name on the server. You'll use this to sign in after installation.</span>
     </div>
     <div class="field">
         <label for="password">Password</label>
-        <input type="password" id="password" name="password" required autocomplete="new-password" />
-        <span class="hint">At least 8 characters.</span>
+        <input type="password" id="password" name="password" required minlength="8" autocomplete="new-password" aria-describedby="password-hint" />
+        <span class="hint" id="password-hint">At least 8 characters. This one password is used for the web login and for the server itself (SSH / console), so pick a good one.</span>
     </div>
     <div class="field">
         <label for="password2">Confirm password</label>
@@ -38,15 +38,25 @@
     </div>
     <div class="field">
         <label for="language">Language</label>
-        <select id="language" name="language">
+        <select id="language" name="language" aria-describedby="language-hint">
             {% for code, lang in languages.items() %}
             <option value="{{ code }}" {% if code == values.language %}selected{% endif %}>{{ lang.label }}</option>
             {% endfor %}
         </select>
+        <span class="hint" id="language-hint">Language and keyboard layout of the installed server. The Furtka pages themselves are in English for now.</span>
     </div>
 
     <div class="actions">
-        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Next — pick boot drive</button>
+        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Next — pick a disk</button>
     </div>
 </form>
+<script>
+(function () {
+    var input = document.getElementById('hostname');
+    var preview = document.getElementById('hostname-preview');
+    input.addEventListener('input', function () {
+        preview.textContent = input.value.trim().toLowerCase() || 'furtka';
+    });
+})();
+</script>
 {% endblock %}

webinstaller/templates/install/step2.html

@@ -1,39 +1,53 @@
 {% extends "base.html" %}
 
-{% block title %}Step 2 — Boot drive · Furtka Installer{% endblock %}
+{% block title %}Step 2 — Disk · Furtka Installer{% endblock %}
 {% block step_indicator %}<span class="step-indicator">Step 2 of 3</span>{% endblock %}
 
 {% block content %}
-<h1>Boot drive</h1>
-<p class="lede">Pick the disk Furtka will install onto. We pre-select the drive that looks fastest and healthiest.</p>
+<h1>Pick a disk</h1>
+<p class="lede">Choose the disk Furtka will be installed on. <strong>Everything on it will be erased.</strong> We pre-select the one that looks fastest and healthiest.</p>
 
-{% if not drives %}
-<div class="alert alert-error">
-    No physical disks detected. The live ISO can't see any install targets — check your BIOS / SATA controller.
+{% set usable = drives | selectattr("usable") | list %}
+{% set pick = selected if (selected and usable | selectattr("name", "equalto", selected) | list) else (usable[0].name if usable else "") %}
+
+{% if error %}
+<div class="alert alert-error" role="alert">{{ error }}</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+{% if not usable %}
+<div class="alert alert-error" role="alert">
+    {% if drives %}
+    None of the disks in this computer is big enough for Furtka (it needs at least 16 GB).
+    {% else %}
+    No disk found to install onto. Check that the disk is connected, and in the BIOS/UEFI settings
+    that the SATA mode is "AHCI" rather than "RAID" or "Intel RST" — Linux can't see disks in RAID mode.
+    {% endif %}
 </div>
 {% endif %}
 
 <form method="post" action="{{ url_for('install_step_2') }}">
     <div class="drive-list">
         {% for d in drives %}
-        <label class="drive">
+        <label class="drive{% if not d.usable %} drive-disabled{% endif %}">
             <input type="radio" name="boot_drive" value="{{ d.name }}"
-                {% if (selected and d.name == selected) or (not selected and loop.first) %}checked{% endif %} />
+                {% if not d.usable %}disabled{% elif d.name == pick %}checked{% endif %} />
             <span class="name">{{ d.name }}</span>
-            {% if not selected and loop.first %}
+            {% if not selected and d.usable and loop.first %}
             <span class="badge-recommended">Recommended</span>
             {% endif %}
             <span class="meta">
                 <span class="chip">{{ d.size }}</span>
                 <span class="chip">{{ d.type_label }}</span>
-                <span class="chip">{{ d.health_label }}</span>
+                {% if d.usable %}<span class="chip">{{ d.health_label }}</span>{% endif %}
             </span>
+            {% if d.reason %}<span class="drive-note">{{ d.reason }}</span>{% endif %}
+            {% if d.warning %}<span class="drive-note">{{ d.warning }}</span>{% endif %}
         </label>
         {% endfor %}
     </div>
 
     <div class="actions">
-        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" {% if not drives %}disabled{% endif %}>Next — review</button>
+        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" {% if not usable %}disabled{% endif %}>Next — review</button>
         <a href="{{ url_for('install_step_1') }}" class="btn btn-link">← Back</a>
     </div>
 </form>

website/tools/logo-assets.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# ruff: noqa: E501 — inline SVG markup reads better unwrapped
 """Generate the logo-poll showcase assets for /logo/ from one geometry source.
 
     python3 website/tools/logo-assets.py
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ the output — the site build itself needs nothing beyond Hugo.
 Mark M: lowercase f knocked out of a gate, 64-unit grid (even-odd fill).
 Mark R: window, wheel and F, 104x114 grid, stroke 8 (from Robert's sketch).
 """
+
 import base64
 import io
 import json
@@ -119,7 +121,9 @@ def raster(svgtxt, w, h):
 
 def mark_png(k, tier, height, color=None):
     _, _, w, h = MARKS[k]["vb"]
-    return raster(svg(k, tier, color or MARKS[k]["color"], standalone=True), round(height * w / h), height)
+    return raster(
+        svg(k, tier, color or MARKS[k]["color"], standalone=True), round(height * w / h), height
+    )
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------- wordmark
@@ -141,7 +145,9 @@ def wordmark(text, size, x0=0.0, baseline=0.0, tracking=-0.028):
         g.draw(pen)
         d = pen.getCommands()
         if d:
-            parts.append(f'<path transform="translate({x:.2f} {baseline:.2f}) scale({s:.5f} {-s:.5f})" d="{d}"/>')
+            parts.append(
+                f'<path transform="translate({x:.2f} {baseline:.2f}) scale({s:.5f} {-s:.5f})" d="{d}"/>'
+            )
         x += g.width * s + tracking * size
     return "".join(parts), x - x0 - tracking * size
 
@@ -241,21 +247,24 @@ def vote_card(path):
         m = mark_png(k, "flat", 330)
         im.alpha_composite(m, (cx - m.width // 2, 110 - (m.height - 330) // 2))
     size = 46
-    d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     for text, cx, col in (("M", W // 4, "#6b6b6f"), ("R", 3 * W // 4, "#8a8a90")):
         paths, tw = wordmark(text, size)
         # letters via the same outlines: rasterise a tiny SVG for crisp text
-        svgtxt = (f'<svg {XMLNS} viewBox="0 -{size} {tw:.0f} {size * 1.3:.0f}">'
-                  f'<g fill="{col}">{paths}</g></svg>')
+        svgtxt = (
+            f'<svg {XMLNS} viewBox="0 -{size} {tw:.0f} {size * 1.3:.0f}">'
+            f'<g fill="{col}">{paths}</g></svg>'
+        )
         t = raster(svgtxt, round(tw), round(size * 1.3))
         im.alpha_composite(t, (cx - t.width // 2, 500))
     # url line, centred on the seam
     paths, tw = wordmark("furtka.org/logo", 40)
-    svgtxt = (f'<svg {XMLNS} viewBox="0 -40 {tw:.0f} 52"><g fill="#c03a28">{paths}</g></svg>')
+    svgtxt = f'<svg {XMLNS} viewBox="0 -40 {tw:.0f} 52"><g fill="#c03a28">{paths}</g></svg>'
     t = raster(svgtxt, round(tw), 52)
     pad = 18
     box = Image.new("RGBA", (t.width + 2 * pad, t.height + 2 * pad), "#f7f6f3")
-    ImageDraw.Draw(box).rounded_rectangle([0, 0, box.width - 1, box.height - 1], 14, outline="#e4e3dc")
+    ImageDraw.Draw(box).rounded_rectangle(
+        [0, 0, box.width - 1, box.height - 1], 14, outline="#e4e3dc"
+    )
     box.alpha_composite(t, (pad, pad))
     im.alpha_composite(box, (W // 2 - box.width // 2, 40))
     im.convert("RGB").save(path, optimize=True)